Cancer Cell Signalling | EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (ANSWERS VERIFIED 100%
CORRECT)
Mutation - ✔✔A change in the DNA sequence of a gene, which can alter the structure
or function of the encoded protein and potentially contribute to the development of
diseases, including cancer.
Loss of function - ✔✔A mutation that leads to decreased or loss of protein function,
often resulting in disrupted cell signaling and abnormal cellular behaviors.
Drug targets - ✔✔Molecules that can be targeted by drugs to treat diseases,
including cancer, by modulating specific signaling pathways or cellular processes.
Kinases - ✔✔Enzymes that add phosphate groups to proteins, playing crucial roles in
cell signaling by regulating protein activity and cellular responses.
Monoclonal antibodies - ✔✔Antibodies produced by identical immune cells that can
target specific molecules, including proteins involved in cell signaling pathways, for
diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
GF receptors - ✔✔Receptors for growth factors, transmembrane proteins that
initiate signaling cascades upon binding to their respective ligands, regulating cell
growth, differentiation, and survival.
Herceptin - ✔✔A monoclonal antibody that targets GF receptors in breast cancer,
inhibiting their signaling and interfering with cancer cell growth and survival.
, Tyrosine kinase inhibitors - ✔✔Drugs that inhibit the activity of tyrosine kinases, a
class of enzymes involved in cell signaling, often used in cancer treatment to block
aberrant signaling pathways.
Gleevec - ✔✔A tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in chronic myelogenous leukemia,
specifically targeting the BCR-ABL fusion protein that drives the abnormal growth of
cancer cells.
Targeted therapies - ✔✔Therapies that specifically target molecules involved in
signaling pathways, aiming to disrupt cancer-related signaling and selectively kill cancer
cells while minimizing damage to normal cells.
Untargeted therapies - ✔✔Therapies that do not specifically target molecules
involved in signaling pathways, often used to treat cancer through general cytotoxic
effects on rapidly dividing cells.
Oncogene study - ✔✔The study of genes that can cause cancer, aiming to understand
their mechanisms of action and develop targeted therapies to inhibit their effects.
Growth and differentiation pathways - ✔✔Pathways involved in embryo
development, regulating cell growth, specialization, and the formation of different
tissues and organs.
Hormone response pathways - ✔✔Pathways involved in cellular response to
hormones, mediating the effects of hormones on target cells and regulating various
physiological processes.
Immune activation pathways - ✔✔Pathways involved in immune system activation,
coordinating immune responses against pathogens, tumors, and other foreign
substances.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (ANSWERS VERIFIED 100%
CORRECT)
Mutation - ✔✔A change in the DNA sequence of a gene, which can alter the structure
or function of the encoded protein and potentially contribute to the development of
diseases, including cancer.
Loss of function - ✔✔A mutation that leads to decreased or loss of protein function,
often resulting in disrupted cell signaling and abnormal cellular behaviors.
Drug targets - ✔✔Molecules that can be targeted by drugs to treat diseases,
including cancer, by modulating specific signaling pathways or cellular processes.
Kinases - ✔✔Enzymes that add phosphate groups to proteins, playing crucial roles in
cell signaling by regulating protein activity and cellular responses.
Monoclonal antibodies - ✔✔Antibodies produced by identical immune cells that can
target specific molecules, including proteins involved in cell signaling pathways, for
diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
GF receptors - ✔✔Receptors for growth factors, transmembrane proteins that
initiate signaling cascades upon binding to their respective ligands, regulating cell
growth, differentiation, and survival.
Herceptin - ✔✔A monoclonal antibody that targets GF receptors in breast cancer,
inhibiting their signaling and interfering with cancer cell growth and survival.
, Tyrosine kinase inhibitors - ✔✔Drugs that inhibit the activity of tyrosine kinases, a
class of enzymes involved in cell signaling, often used in cancer treatment to block
aberrant signaling pathways.
Gleevec - ✔✔A tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in chronic myelogenous leukemia,
specifically targeting the BCR-ABL fusion protein that drives the abnormal growth of
cancer cells.
Targeted therapies - ✔✔Therapies that specifically target molecules involved in
signaling pathways, aiming to disrupt cancer-related signaling and selectively kill cancer
cells while minimizing damage to normal cells.
Untargeted therapies - ✔✔Therapies that do not specifically target molecules
involved in signaling pathways, often used to treat cancer through general cytotoxic
effects on rapidly dividing cells.
Oncogene study - ✔✔The study of genes that can cause cancer, aiming to understand
their mechanisms of action and develop targeted therapies to inhibit their effects.
Growth and differentiation pathways - ✔✔Pathways involved in embryo
development, regulating cell growth, specialization, and the formation of different
tissues and organs.
Hormone response pathways - ✔✔Pathways involved in cellular response to
hormones, mediating the effects of hormones on target cells and regulating various
physiological processes.
Immune activation pathways - ✔✔Pathways involved in immune system activation,
coordinating immune responses against pathogens, tumors, and other foreign
substances.
