FUNDAMENTALS HESI EVOLVE EXAM 2025 | COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERSWITH
EXPLANATIONS | GRADED A+ | PROFESSOR VERIFIED |
LATEST EXAM
When turning an immobile bedridden client without assistance, which
action by the nurse best ensures client safety?
A. Securely grasp the client's arm and leg.
B. Put bed rails up on the side of bed opposite from the nurse.
C. Correctly position and use a turn sheet.
D. Lower the head of the client's bed slowly. ---------CORRECT ANSWER---
--------------Answer: B
Because the nurse can only stand on one side of the bed, bed rails
should be up on the opposite side to ensure that the client does not
fall out of bed (B). (A) can cause client injury to the skin or joint. (C
and D) are useful techniques while turning a client but have less
priority in terms of safety than use of the bed rails.
A female client with frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) asks the nurse
to explain her friend's advice about drinking a glass of juice daily to prevent
future UTIs. Which response is best for the nurse provide?
A. Orange juice has vitamin C that deters bacterial growth.
B. Apple juice is the most useful in acidifying the urine.
C. Cranberry juice stops pathogens' adherence to the bladder.
D. Grapefruit juice increases absorption of most antibiotics. ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: C
Cranberry juice (C) maintains urinary tract health by reducing the
adherence of Escherichia coli bacteria to cells within the bladder. (A,
B, and D) have not been shown to be as effective as cranberry juice
(C) in preventing UTIs.
The nurse is aware that malnutrition is a common problem among clients
served by a community health clinic for the homeless. Which laboratory
value is the most reliable indicator of chronic protein malnutrition?
A. Low serum albumin level
,B. Low serum transferrin level
C. High hemoglobin level
D. High cholesterol level ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer:
A
Long-term protein deficiency is required to cause significantly
lowered serum albumin levels (A). Albumin is made by the liver only
when adequate amounts of amino acids (from protein breakdown) are
available. Albumin has a long half-life, so acute protein loss does not
significantly alter serum levels. (B) is a serum protein with a half-life
of only 8 to 10 days, so it will drop with an acute protein deficiency.
Neither (C or D) are clinical measures of protein malnutrition.
The nurse identifies a potential for infection in a patient with partial-
thickness (second-degree) and full-thickness (third-degree) burns. What
intervention has the highest priority in decreasing the client's risk of
infection?
A. Administration of plasma expanders
B. Use of careful hand washing technique
C. Application of a topical antibacterial cream
D. Limiting visitors to the client with burns ---------CORRECT ANSWER------
-----------Answer: B
Careful hand washing technique (B) is the single most effective
intervention for the prevention of contamination to all clients. (A)
reverses the hypovolemia that initially accompanies burn trauma but
is not related to decreasing the proliferation of infective organisms. (C
and D) are recommended by various burn centers as possible ways to
reduce the chance of infection. (B) is a proven technique to prevent
infection.
Which serum laboratory value should the nurse monitor carefully for a client
who has a nasogastric (NG) tube to suction for the past week?
A. White blood cell count
B. Albumin
C. Calcium
D. Sodium ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: D
,Monitoring serum sodium levels (D) for hyponatremia is indicated
during prolonged NG suctioning because of loss of fluids. Changes in
levels of (A, B, or C) are not typically associated with prolonged NG
suctioning.
In completing a client's preoperative routine, the nurse finds that the
operative permit is not signed. The client begins to ask more questions
about the surgical procedure. Which action should the nurse take next?
A. Witness the client's signature to the permit.
B. Answer the client's questions about the surgery.
C. Inform the surgeon that the operative permit is not signed and the client
has questions about the surgery.
D. Reassure the client that the surgeon will answer any questions before
the anesthesia is administered. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
Answer: C
The surgeon should be informed immediately that the permit is not
signed (C). It is the surgeon's responsibility to explain the procedure
to the cliesxnt and obtain the client's signature on the permit.
Although the nurse can witness an operative permit (A), the
procedure must first be explained by the health care provider or
surgeon, including answering the client's questions (B). The client's
questions should be addressed before the permit is signed (D).
The nurse is preparing an older client for discharge. Which method is best
for the nurse to use when evaluating the client's ability to perform a
dressing change at home?
A. Determine how the client feels about changing the dressing.
B. Ask the client to describe the procedure in writing.
C. Seek a family member's evaluation of the client's ability to change the
dressing.
D. Observe the client change the dressing unassisted. ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------Answer: D
Observing the client directly (D) will allow the nurse to determine if
mastery of the skill has been obtained and provide an opportunity to
affirm the skill. (A) may be therapeutic but will not provide an
opportunity to evaluate the client's ability to perform the procedure.
, (B) may be threatening to an older client and will not determine his
ability. (C) is not as effective as direct observation by the nurse.
A client in a long-term care facility reports to the nurse that he has not had
a bowel movement in 2 days. Which intervention should the nurse
implement first?
A. Instruct the caregiver to offer a glass of warm prune juice at mealtimes.
B. Notify the health care provider and request a prescription for a large-
volume enema.
C. Assess the client's medical record to determine the client's normal bowel
pattern.
D. Instruct the caregiver to increase the client's fluids to five 8-ounce
glasses per day. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: C
This client may not routinely have a daily bowel movement, so the
nurse should first assess this client's normal bowel habits before
attempting any intervention (C). (A, B, or D) may then be implemented,
if warranted.
The nurse is instructing a client with cholecystitis regarding diet choices.
Which meal best meets the dietary needs of this client?
A. Steak, baked beans, and a salad
B. Broiled fish, green beans, and an apple
C. Pork chops, macaroni and cheese, and grapes
D. Avocado salad, milk, and angel food cake ---------CORRECT ANSWER--
---------------Answer: B
Clients with cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) should
follow a low-fat diet, such as (B). (A) is a high-protein diet and (C and
D) contain high-fat foods, which are contraindicated for this client.
When bathing an uncircumcised boy older than 3 years, which action
should the nurse take?
A. Remind the child to clean his genital area.
B. Defer perineal care because of the child's age.
C. Retract the foreskin gently to cleanse the penis.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERSWITH
EXPLANATIONS | GRADED A+ | PROFESSOR VERIFIED |
LATEST EXAM
When turning an immobile bedridden client without assistance, which
action by the nurse best ensures client safety?
A. Securely grasp the client's arm and leg.
B. Put bed rails up on the side of bed opposite from the nurse.
C. Correctly position and use a turn sheet.
D. Lower the head of the client's bed slowly. ---------CORRECT ANSWER---
--------------Answer: B
Because the nurse can only stand on one side of the bed, bed rails
should be up on the opposite side to ensure that the client does not
fall out of bed (B). (A) can cause client injury to the skin or joint. (C
and D) are useful techniques while turning a client but have less
priority in terms of safety than use of the bed rails.
A female client with frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) asks the nurse
to explain her friend's advice about drinking a glass of juice daily to prevent
future UTIs. Which response is best for the nurse provide?
A. Orange juice has vitamin C that deters bacterial growth.
B. Apple juice is the most useful in acidifying the urine.
C. Cranberry juice stops pathogens' adherence to the bladder.
D. Grapefruit juice increases absorption of most antibiotics. ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: C
Cranberry juice (C) maintains urinary tract health by reducing the
adherence of Escherichia coli bacteria to cells within the bladder. (A,
B, and D) have not been shown to be as effective as cranberry juice
(C) in preventing UTIs.
The nurse is aware that malnutrition is a common problem among clients
served by a community health clinic for the homeless. Which laboratory
value is the most reliable indicator of chronic protein malnutrition?
A. Low serum albumin level
,B. Low serum transferrin level
C. High hemoglobin level
D. High cholesterol level ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer:
A
Long-term protein deficiency is required to cause significantly
lowered serum albumin levels (A). Albumin is made by the liver only
when adequate amounts of amino acids (from protein breakdown) are
available. Albumin has a long half-life, so acute protein loss does not
significantly alter serum levels. (B) is a serum protein with a half-life
of only 8 to 10 days, so it will drop with an acute protein deficiency.
Neither (C or D) are clinical measures of protein malnutrition.
The nurse identifies a potential for infection in a patient with partial-
thickness (second-degree) and full-thickness (third-degree) burns. What
intervention has the highest priority in decreasing the client's risk of
infection?
A. Administration of plasma expanders
B. Use of careful hand washing technique
C. Application of a topical antibacterial cream
D. Limiting visitors to the client with burns ---------CORRECT ANSWER------
-----------Answer: B
Careful hand washing technique (B) is the single most effective
intervention for the prevention of contamination to all clients. (A)
reverses the hypovolemia that initially accompanies burn trauma but
is not related to decreasing the proliferation of infective organisms. (C
and D) are recommended by various burn centers as possible ways to
reduce the chance of infection. (B) is a proven technique to prevent
infection.
Which serum laboratory value should the nurse monitor carefully for a client
who has a nasogastric (NG) tube to suction for the past week?
A. White blood cell count
B. Albumin
C. Calcium
D. Sodium ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: D
,Monitoring serum sodium levels (D) for hyponatremia is indicated
during prolonged NG suctioning because of loss of fluids. Changes in
levels of (A, B, or C) are not typically associated with prolonged NG
suctioning.
In completing a client's preoperative routine, the nurse finds that the
operative permit is not signed. The client begins to ask more questions
about the surgical procedure. Which action should the nurse take next?
A. Witness the client's signature to the permit.
B. Answer the client's questions about the surgery.
C. Inform the surgeon that the operative permit is not signed and the client
has questions about the surgery.
D. Reassure the client that the surgeon will answer any questions before
the anesthesia is administered. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
Answer: C
The surgeon should be informed immediately that the permit is not
signed (C). It is the surgeon's responsibility to explain the procedure
to the cliesxnt and obtain the client's signature on the permit.
Although the nurse can witness an operative permit (A), the
procedure must first be explained by the health care provider or
surgeon, including answering the client's questions (B). The client's
questions should be addressed before the permit is signed (D).
The nurse is preparing an older client for discharge. Which method is best
for the nurse to use when evaluating the client's ability to perform a
dressing change at home?
A. Determine how the client feels about changing the dressing.
B. Ask the client to describe the procedure in writing.
C. Seek a family member's evaluation of the client's ability to change the
dressing.
D. Observe the client change the dressing unassisted. ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------Answer: D
Observing the client directly (D) will allow the nurse to determine if
mastery of the skill has been obtained and provide an opportunity to
affirm the skill. (A) may be therapeutic but will not provide an
opportunity to evaluate the client's ability to perform the procedure.
, (B) may be threatening to an older client and will not determine his
ability. (C) is not as effective as direct observation by the nurse.
A client in a long-term care facility reports to the nurse that he has not had
a bowel movement in 2 days. Which intervention should the nurse
implement first?
A. Instruct the caregiver to offer a glass of warm prune juice at mealtimes.
B. Notify the health care provider and request a prescription for a large-
volume enema.
C. Assess the client's medical record to determine the client's normal bowel
pattern.
D. Instruct the caregiver to increase the client's fluids to five 8-ounce
glasses per day. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: C
This client may not routinely have a daily bowel movement, so the
nurse should first assess this client's normal bowel habits before
attempting any intervention (C). (A, B, or D) may then be implemented,
if warranted.
The nurse is instructing a client with cholecystitis regarding diet choices.
Which meal best meets the dietary needs of this client?
A. Steak, baked beans, and a salad
B. Broiled fish, green beans, and an apple
C. Pork chops, macaroni and cheese, and grapes
D. Avocado salad, milk, and angel food cake ---------CORRECT ANSWER--
---------------Answer: B
Clients with cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) should
follow a low-fat diet, such as (B). (A) is a high-protein diet and (C and
D) contain high-fat foods, which are contraindicated for this client.
When bathing an uncircumcised boy older than 3 years, which action
should the nurse take?
A. Remind the child to clean his genital area.
B. Defer perineal care because of the child's age.
C. Retract the foreskin gently to cleanse the penis.
