Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 4 Set 2 musk
and endo UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Osteoporosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Most common bone disease in humans.
A condition in which the body's bones are marked by low bone mineral density, impaired
structural integrity, decreased bone strength.
bone density classifications - CORRECT ANSWER - Normal bone mass > 833mg/cm2
Osteopenia: bone mass of 648-833 mg/cm2
Osteoporosis: bone mass < 648 mg/cm2
RANKYL - CORRECT ANSWER - CYTOKINE RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF
NUCLEAR FACTOR kB ligand
Gower's sign - CORRECT ANSWER - Difficulty rising to standing position; has to walk
up legs using hands; occurs in Muscular dystrophy
Adipokines - CORRECT ANSWER - protein hormones made and released by adipose
tissue (fat) cells, regulate food intake and metabolism.
increase or decrease fat mass
provide signals to the hypothalamus, brainstem, ANS and hunger center to regulate satiety and
energy balance.
adipose tissue-gut-brain axis - CORRECT ANSWER - GI tract releases adipokines and
hormones which interact with the brain and contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity.
visceral obesity - CORRECT ANSWER - Distribution of body fat is localized around the
abdomen and upper body
, "Apple shape"
Associated with chronic inflammation, metabolic syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, type 2 DM,
CV disease, osteoarthritis, fatty liver and cancer.
peripheral obesity - CORRECT ANSWER - fat is distributed around the thighs and
buttocks (pear) and is more common in women. Risk factors are less severe than those with
visceral obesity.
Primary thyroid disorders - CORRECT ANSWER - conditions that result from
dysfunction of the thyroid gland
subclinical thyroid disease - CORRECT ANSWER - presence of disease without obvious
symptoms
secondary thyroid disorders - CORRECT ANSWER - conditions that results from the
dysfunction of either the pituitary or the hypothalamus
Somogyi effect - CORRECT ANSWER - hypoglycemia followed by rebound
hyperglycemia
Dawn phenomenon - CORRECT ANSWER - an increase in blood glucose in the early
morning, most likely due to increased glucose production in the liver after an overnight fast
microvascular disease: Definition and example - CORRECT ANSWER - Disease of the
finer blood vessels in the body, including the capillaries. In contrast to macrovascular disease.
The microvascular complications of diabetes such as neuropathy can lead to loss of sensation and
the development of foot ulcers.
Macrovascular disease: Definition and example - CORRECT ANSWER - Macrovascular
disease is associated with the development of coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular
disease, brain attack (stroke), and increased risk of infection. Type 2 diabetes is more closely
associated with macrovascular diseases than type 1 diabetes.
and endo UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Osteoporosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Most common bone disease in humans.
A condition in which the body's bones are marked by low bone mineral density, impaired
structural integrity, decreased bone strength.
bone density classifications - CORRECT ANSWER - Normal bone mass > 833mg/cm2
Osteopenia: bone mass of 648-833 mg/cm2
Osteoporosis: bone mass < 648 mg/cm2
RANKYL - CORRECT ANSWER - CYTOKINE RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF
NUCLEAR FACTOR kB ligand
Gower's sign - CORRECT ANSWER - Difficulty rising to standing position; has to walk
up legs using hands; occurs in Muscular dystrophy
Adipokines - CORRECT ANSWER - protein hormones made and released by adipose
tissue (fat) cells, regulate food intake and metabolism.
increase or decrease fat mass
provide signals to the hypothalamus, brainstem, ANS and hunger center to regulate satiety and
energy balance.
adipose tissue-gut-brain axis - CORRECT ANSWER - GI tract releases adipokines and
hormones which interact with the brain and contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity.
visceral obesity - CORRECT ANSWER - Distribution of body fat is localized around the
abdomen and upper body
, "Apple shape"
Associated with chronic inflammation, metabolic syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, type 2 DM,
CV disease, osteoarthritis, fatty liver and cancer.
peripheral obesity - CORRECT ANSWER - fat is distributed around the thighs and
buttocks (pear) and is more common in women. Risk factors are less severe than those with
visceral obesity.
Primary thyroid disorders - CORRECT ANSWER - conditions that result from
dysfunction of the thyroid gland
subclinical thyroid disease - CORRECT ANSWER - presence of disease without obvious
symptoms
secondary thyroid disorders - CORRECT ANSWER - conditions that results from the
dysfunction of either the pituitary or the hypothalamus
Somogyi effect - CORRECT ANSWER - hypoglycemia followed by rebound
hyperglycemia
Dawn phenomenon - CORRECT ANSWER - an increase in blood glucose in the early
morning, most likely due to increased glucose production in the liver after an overnight fast
microvascular disease: Definition and example - CORRECT ANSWER - Disease of the
finer blood vessels in the body, including the capillaries. In contrast to macrovascular disease.
The microvascular complications of diabetes such as neuropathy can lead to loss of sensation and
the development of foot ulcers.
Macrovascular disease: Definition and example - CORRECT ANSWER - Macrovascular
disease is associated with the development of coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular
disease, brain attack (stroke), and increased risk of infection. Type 2 diabetes is more closely
associated with macrovascular diseases than type 1 diabetes.
