1. Which of the following medications is most likely to be prescribed for a
patient with hypertension and diabetes?
A) Enalapril
B) Metoprolol
C) Furosemide
D) Spironolactone
Answer: A) Enalapril
Rationale: Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor, which is commonly prescribed for patients
with both hypertension and diabetes. ACE inhibitors help lower blood pressure
and protect the kidneys, which is beneficial for patients with diabetes who are at
risk for diabetic nephropathy.
2. A patient is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following instructions should the nurse
provide to the patient?
A) Take the medication with food
B) Take the medication 30 minutes before meals
C) Avoid drinking alcohol while on this medication
D) Discontinue the medication if you experience a headache
Answer: B) Take the medication 30 minutes before meals
Rationale: PPIs are most effective when taken 30 minutes before meals. This helps
to reduce gastric acid secretion at the time when food is ingested, providing
maximum relief from GERD symptoms.
3. Which of the following medications is contraindicated in a patient with a
history of anaphylaxis to penicillin?
A) Azithromycin
B) Cephalexin
C) Amoxicillin
D) Doxycycline
,Answer: B) Cephalexin
Rationale: Cephalexin is a cephalosporin antibiotic, which has a similar structure
to penicillin. Patients with a history of penicillin anaphylaxis may also experience
an allergic reaction to cephalosporins, making it contraindicated.
4. Which of the following adverse effects is most commonly associated with the
use of corticosteroids?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Osteoporosis
C) Bradycardia
D) Hyperkalemia
Answer: B) Osteoporosis
Rationale: Long-term use of corticosteroids can lead to decreased bone density,
increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Patients on corticosteroids should be
monitored for bone health and may require calcium and vitamin D
supplementation.
5. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of warfarin. Which of the following
foods should the nurse instruct the patient to avoid while taking this
medication?
A) Leafy green vegetables
B) Dairy products
C) Citrus fruits
D) Whole grains
Answer: A) Leafy green vegetables
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K-
dependent clotting factors. Leafy green vegetables (such as spinach, kale, and
broccoli) are high in vitamin K and can interfere with the effectiveness of warfarin,
so patients should either avoid or maintain consistent intake of these foods.
, 6. A patient with asthma is prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler. Which of the
following statements indicates that the patient understands the correct use of
the inhaler?
A) "I will use the inhaler only when I have an asthma attack."
B) "I will rinse my mouth after each use to prevent dry mouth."
C) "I should wait 1 hour between each puff of the inhaler."
D) "I should increase my dose if I experience shortness of breath."
Answer: B) "I will rinse my mouth after each use to prevent dry mouth."
Rationale: Beta-agonist inhalers can cause dry mouth and throat irritation. Rinsing
the mouth after each use helps reduce the risk of these side effects, as well as
prevent fungal infections like thrush.
7. A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving digoxin. The nurse should
monitor for which of the following signs of digoxin toxicity?
A) Increased appetite
B) Yellow visual disturbances
C) Decreased heart rate
D) Hyperreflexia
Answer: B) Yellow visual disturbances
Rationale: Yellow or green visual disturbances (often described as "seeing halos")
are a classic sign of digoxin toxicity. The nurse should monitor the patient's serum
digoxin levels, as well as assess for bradycardia and other symptoms of toxicity.
8. A client is prescribed lithium for the treatment of bipolar disorder. The nurse
should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
A) Weight loss
B) Tremors
C) Insomnia
D) Hypotension
Answer: B) Tremors
patient with hypertension and diabetes?
A) Enalapril
B) Metoprolol
C) Furosemide
D) Spironolactone
Answer: A) Enalapril
Rationale: Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor, which is commonly prescribed for patients
with both hypertension and diabetes. ACE inhibitors help lower blood pressure
and protect the kidneys, which is beneficial for patients with diabetes who are at
risk for diabetic nephropathy.
2. A patient is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following instructions should the nurse
provide to the patient?
A) Take the medication with food
B) Take the medication 30 minutes before meals
C) Avoid drinking alcohol while on this medication
D) Discontinue the medication if you experience a headache
Answer: B) Take the medication 30 minutes before meals
Rationale: PPIs are most effective when taken 30 minutes before meals. This helps
to reduce gastric acid secretion at the time when food is ingested, providing
maximum relief from GERD symptoms.
3. Which of the following medications is contraindicated in a patient with a
history of anaphylaxis to penicillin?
A) Azithromycin
B) Cephalexin
C) Amoxicillin
D) Doxycycline
,Answer: B) Cephalexin
Rationale: Cephalexin is a cephalosporin antibiotic, which has a similar structure
to penicillin. Patients with a history of penicillin anaphylaxis may also experience
an allergic reaction to cephalosporins, making it contraindicated.
4. Which of the following adverse effects is most commonly associated with the
use of corticosteroids?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Osteoporosis
C) Bradycardia
D) Hyperkalemia
Answer: B) Osteoporosis
Rationale: Long-term use of corticosteroids can lead to decreased bone density,
increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Patients on corticosteroids should be
monitored for bone health and may require calcium and vitamin D
supplementation.
5. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of warfarin. Which of the following
foods should the nurse instruct the patient to avoid while taking this
medication?
A) Leafy green vegetables
B) Dairy products
C) Citrus fruits
D) Whole grains
Answer: A) Leafy green vegetables
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K-
dependent clotting factors. Leafy green vegetables (such as spinach, kale, and
broccoli) are high in vitamin K and can interfere with the effectiveness of warfarin,
so patients should either avoid or maintain consistent intake of these foods.
, 6. A patient with asthma is prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler. Which of the
following statements indicates that the patient understands the correct use of
the inhaler?
A) "I will use the inhaler only when I have an asthma attack."
B) "I will rinse my mouth after each use to prevent dry mouth."
C) "I should wait 1 hour between each puff of the inhaler."
D) "I should increase my dose if I experience shortness of breath."
Answer: B) "I will rinse my mouth after each use to prevent dry mouth."
Rationale: Beta-agonist inhalers can cause dry mouth and throat irritation. Rinsing
the mouth after each use helps reduce the risk of these side effects, as well as
prevent fungal infections like thrush.
7. A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving digoxin. The nurse should
monitor for which of the following signs of digoxin toxicity?
A) Increased appetite
B) Yellow visual disturbances
C) Decreased heart rate
D) Hyperreflexia
Answer: B) Yellow visual disturbances
Rationale: Yellow or green visual disturbances (often described as "seeing halos")
are a classic sign of digoxin toxicity. The nurse should monitor the patient's serum
digoxin levels, as well as assess for bradycardia and other symptoms of toxicity.
8. A client is prescribed lithium for the treatment of bipolar disorder. The nurse
should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
A) Weight loss
B) Tremors
C) Insomnia
D) Hypotension
Answer: B) Tremors
