1. Which of the following is the most appropriate action when a nurse is
administering a medication via an enteral feeding tube?
A) Dilute the medication with water
B) Crush sustained-release tablets to aid in administration
C) Mix the medication with the patient's enteral feeding formula
D) Use sterile saline to flush the tube before and after medication administration
Answer: D) Use sterile saline to flush the tube before and after medication
administration.
Rationale: Flushing the tube with sterile saline before and after medication helps
maintain tube patency and prevents clogging. Crushing sustained-release tablets
or mixing medication with the feeding formula is not recommended as it can alter
drug effectiveness or safety.
2. A patient is prescribed an opioid for severe pain management. Which of the
following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for in the first 24 hours?
A) Hypotension
B) Insomnia
C) Constipation
D) Tachycardia
Answer: A) Hypotension
Rationale: Opioids can cause central nervous system depression, leading to
hypotension, especially in the first 24 hours of administration. While constipation
is common with opioids, it develops over time and may not be immediately
evident.
3. Which of the following medications is used as a reversal agent for opioid
overdose?
A) Naloxone
B) Flumazenil
,C) Atropine
D) Protamine sulfate
Answer: A) Naloxone
Rationale: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose by
displacing the opioid from its receptor sites. Flumazenil is used for benzodiazepine
overdose, while atropine is used for bradycardia, and protamine sulfate is an
antidote for heparin overdose.
4. A patient is receiving a beta-blocker for hypertension. Which of the following
adverse effects should the nurse monitor for?
A) Hyperglycemia
B) Bradycardia
C) Tinnitus
D) Constipation
Answer: B) Bradycardia
Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease heart rate by blocking beta-adrenergic
receptors. Bradycardia is a common adverse effect and should be monitored.
Beta-blockers are not typically associated with hyperglycemia, tinnitus, or
constipation.
5. A nurse is educating a patient about the use of a corticosteroid inhaler. Which
of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "I should rinse my mouth with water after using the inhaler."
B) "I will use my inhaler every day even when I feel fine."
C) "If I have trouble breathing, I will use my inhaler more often."
D) "I should not stop the inhaler suddenly without consulting my doctor."
Answer: C) "If I have trouble breathing, I will use my inhaler more often."
Rationale: The corticosteroid inhaler is used to control inflammation, not for
acute bronchospasm. A rescue inhaler (typically a beta-agonist) should be used for
, acute symptoms. Rinsing the mouth, consistent daily use, and not stopping the
medication abruptly are correct actions for corticosteroid inhalers.
6. A nurse is reviewing the orders for a patient on warfarin therapy. Which of the
following laboratory values should the nurse monitor closely?
A) Platelet count
B) Serum potassium level
C) Prothrombin time (PT)
D) Serum calcium level
Answer: C) Prothrombin time (PT)
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that affects the coagulation cascade, so PT
and International Normalized Ratio (INR) are the key laboratory values to monitor.
Platelet count is not directly impacted by warfarin, and serum potassium or
calcium levels are unrelated to its action.
7. Which of the following actions should a nurse take when administering
digoxin to a patient?
A) Measure the patient's blood pressure
B) Assess the patient's heart rate
C) Check the patient's urine output
D) Administer the medication on an empty stomach
Answer: B) Assess the patient's heart rate
Rationale: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that affects heart rate and rhythm. The
nurse should assess the heart rate before administering digoxin; if the heart rate is
below 60 bpm, the dose may need to be withheld. Blood pressure, urine output,
and timing related to meals are not as critical in this case.
8. A patient with asthma is prescribed albuterol. Which of the following adverse
effects is most commonly associated with this medication?
administering a medication via an enteral feeding tube?
A) Dilute the medication with water
B) Crush sustained-release tablets to aid in administration
C) Mix the medication with the patient's enteral feeding formula
D) Use sterile saline to flush the tube before and after medication administration
Answer: D) Use sterile saline to flush the tube before and after medication
administration.
Rationale: Flushing the tube with sterile saline before and after medication helps
maintain tube patency and prevents clogging. Crushing sustained-release tablets
or mixing medication with the feeding formula is not recommended as it can alter
drug effectiveness or safety.
2. A patient is prescribed an opioid for severe pain management. Which of the
following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for in the first 24 hours?
A) Hypotension
B) Insomnia
C) Constipation
D) Tachycardia
Answer: A) Hypotension
Rationale: Opioids can cause central nervous system depression, leading to
hypotension, especially in the first 24 hours of administration. While constipation
is common with opioids, it develops over time and may not be immediately
evident.
3. Which of the following medications is used as a reversal agent for opioid
overdose?
A) Naloxone
B) Flumazenil
,C) Atropine
D) Protamine sulfate
Answer: A) Naloxone
Rationale: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose by
displacing the opioid from its receptor sites. Flumazenil is used for benzodiazepine
overdose, while atropine is used for bradycardia, and protamine sulfate is an
antidote for heparin overdose.
4. A patient is receiving a beta-blocker for hypertension. Which of the following
adverse effects should the nurse monitor for?
A) Hyperglycemia
B) Bradycardia
C) Tinnitus
D) Constipation
Answer: B) Bradycardia
Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease heart rate by blocking beta-adrenergic
receptors. Bradycardia is a common adverse effect and should be monitored.
Beta-blockers are not typically associated with hyperglycemia, tinnitus, or
constipation.
5. A nurse is educating a patient about the use of a corticosteroid inhaler. Which
of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "I should rinse my mouth with water after using the inhaler."
B) "I will use my inhaler every day even when I feel fine."
C) "If I have trouble breathing, I will use my inhaler more often."
D) "I should not stop the inhaler suddenly without consulting my doctor."
Answer: C) "If I have trouble breathing, I will use my inhaler more often."
Rationale: The corticosteroid inhaler is used to control inflammation, not for
acute bronchospasm. A rescue inhaler (typically a beta-agonist) should be used for
, acute symptoms. Rinsing the mouth, consistent daily use, and not stopping the
medication abruptly are correct actions for corticosteroid inhalers.
6. A nurse is reviewing the orders for a patient on warfarin therapy. Which of the
following laboratory values should the nurse monitor closely?
A) Platelet count
B) Serum potassium level
C) Prothrombin time (PT)
D) Serum calcium level
Answer: C) Prothrombin time (PT)
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that affects the coagulation cascade, so PT
and International Normalized Ratio (INR) are the key laboratory values to monitor.
Platelet count is not directly impacted by warfarin, and serum potassium or
calcium levels are unrelated to its action.
7. Which of the following actions should a nurse take when administering
digoxin to a patient?
A) Measure the patient's blood pressure
B) Assess the patient's heart rate
C) Check the patient's urine output
D) Administer the medication on an empty stomach
Answer: B) Assess the patient's heart rate
Rationale: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that affects heart rate and rhythm. The
nurse should assess the heart rate before administering digoxin; if the heart rate is
below 60 bpm, the dose may need to be withheld. Blood pressure, urine output,
and timing related to meals are not as critical in this case.
8. A patient with asthma is prescribed albuterol. Which of the following adverse
effects is most commonly associated with this medication?
