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BIOL 301 final with correct answers

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Net primary productivity is calculated as GPP - respiration units of GPP kJ/m2/y which of the following factors is NOT used for quantifying primary productivity over time? change in consumer biomass Which is the portion of energy that an organism uses to maintain its body temperature? respired Terrestrial NPP is greatest in _____ ecosystems, and aquatic NPP is greatest in _____ ecosystems. tropical; coastal Between latitudes of 30° N and 30° S, NPP is primarily constrained by precipitation In aquatic ecosystems, trophic pyramids of biomass are inverted because the standing biomass of algae is lower than the standing biomass of consumers Assimilation energy is the percentage of consumed energy that is digested and absorbed Aquatic ecosystems typically have ¬¬¬¬¬_____ trophic levels, while terrestrial ecosystems typically have _____ trophic 5; 3-4 A trophic level has a biomass residence time of 5 years and net productivity of 3 kg/m2/y. What is the biomass in the trophic level? 15 kg/m2 Chose a logical path for a molecule of water starting and ending in the atmosphere. precipitation, infiltration, evaporation, condensation Which statement is TRUE about the global hydrologic cycle?- Precipitation is greater than evaporation in terrestrial ecosystems. Precipitation and evaporation are about equal in terrestrial ecosystems In waterlogged conditions, anaerobic metabolism of carbon compounds can cause the production of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) Nitrogen-fixing plants such as soybeans are able to convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrate and ammonium Which is NOT an example of a major human alteration to the global nitrogen cycle? Animal waste from agriculture Dead zones are formed when rivers that empty into oceans carry excess phosphorus and nitrate runoff. These dead zones are caused by algal blooms Which of the following does NOT significantly affect terrestrial decomposition rates? phosphorus content of litter Decomposition is more rapid in _____ forests because of _____. tropical; increased temperature and precipitation In the study of leaf decomposition in a stream in Germany using leaf litter enclosed in either fine- or large-mesh bags, researchers found that decomposition was strongly affected by invertebrates and lignin content which is not an adaptation to low oxygen aquatic environment increased metabolic activity Match adaptation to benefit prevent loss of leaf tissue produce boundary layer of still air able to take up water after brief rainfall protect plants from slow water loss small leaves with high density veins; spines and hairs; shalllow roots; resin a fish that has tissue solute concentrations that are higher than surround waters is hyperosmotic; trying to not drink the environmental water in attempt to maintain internal water concentrations photosynthesis occurs in two steps known as ___ and the ____ light; calvin why are both CO2 and O2 limited in aquatic environments? not very soluble in water a smallmouth bass swimming in cold water of a springtime lake would likely expend ______ energy than when swimming in warmer water of lake during the summer more the temp that water reaches maxx density 4 degree Celsius rate of biological processes increases two to four times for each ___ increase in temp 10 deg C fish obtain oxygen from the water through their gills using countercurrent circulation which photosynthsis method is best suited to warm dry environment C4 fixation and CAM aquatic organisms have developed streamline shapes to adapt to the viscosity of water a plant with high number of stomata high rate of transpiration the low density of ice allows aquatic plants to survive the winter primary cause of coral bleaching increased water temperature waters polar nature makes it a good solvent T/F adding dissolved compounds such as salt to water increases the boiling point and freezing point false anaerobic condition more common in deep water than shallow spotted salamanders lay eggs in gelatinous masses on twigs partially submerged in small ponds. associated with the eggs scientists have found mutualistic relationship with the developing eggs. what benefit does the salamander receive from this relationship salamander embryos receive increased oxygen supply which does not limit the ability of aquatic plants to photosynthesize high levels of carbonic acid which is not a true statement all ectotherms are poikilotherms which of the following is

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biol 301 final with correct answers

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BIOL 301 final (previous quizzes)
ii ii ii ii

Netiiprimaryiiproductivityiiisiicalculatediias GPPii-iirespiration
unitsiiofiiGPP kJ/m2/y
whichiiofiitheiifollowingiifactorsiiisiiNOTiiusediiforiiquantifyingiiprimaryiiproductivityiioveriitime?
changeiiiniiconsumeriibiomass
Whichiiisiitheiiportioniiofiienergyiithatiianiiorganismiiusesiitoiimaintainiiitsiibodyiitemperature?
respired
TerrestrialiiNPPiiisiigreatestiiinii_____iiecosystems,iiandiiaquaticiiNPPiiisiigreatestiiinii_____iiecosystems
. tropical;iicoastal
Betweeniilatitudesiiofii30°iiNiiandii30°iiS,iiNPPiiisiiprimarilyiiconstrainediiby precipitation
Iniiaquaticiiecosystems,iitrophiciipyramidsiiofiibiomassiiareiiinvertediibecause
theiistandingiibiomassiiofiialgaeiiisiiloweriithaniitheiistandingiibiomassiiofiiconsumers
Assimilationiienergyiiisiitheiipercentageiiofiiconsumediienergyiithatiiis digestediiandiiabsorbed
Aquaticiiecosystemsiitypicallyiihaveii¬¬¬¬¬_____iitrophiciilevels,iiwhileiiterrestrialiiecosystemsiitypic
allyiihaveii_____iitrophic 5;ii3-4
Aiitrophiciileveliihasiiaiibiomassiiresidenceiitimeiiofii5iiyearsiiandiinetiiproductivityiiofii3iikg/m2/
y.iiWhatiiisiitheiibiomassiiiniitheiitrophiciilevel? 15iikg/m2
Choseiiaiilogicaliipathiiforiiaiimoleculeiiofiiwateriistartingiiandiiendingiiiniitheiiatmosphere.
precipitation,iiinfiltration,iievaporation,iicondensation
WhichiistatementiiisiiTRUEiiaboutiitheiiglobaliihydrologiciicycle?-
iiPrecipitationiiisiigreateriithaniievaporationiiiniiterrestrial iiecosystems.

Precipitationiiandiievaporationiiareiiaboutiiequaliiiniiterrestrialiiecosystems
Iniiwaterloggediiconditions,iianaerobiciimetabolismiiofiicarboniicompoundsiicaniicauseiitheiiproductionii
ofiitheiigreenhouseiigas methaneii(CH4)
Nitrogen-fixingiiplantsiisuchiiasiisoybeansiiareiiableiitoiiconvert
atmosphericiinitrogeniitoiinitrateiiandiiammonium
WhichiiisiiNOTiianiiexampleiiofiiaiimajoriihumaniialterationiitoiitheiiglobaliinitrogeniicycle?
Animaliiwasteiifromiiagriculture
Deadiizonesiiareiiformediiwheniiriversiithatiiemptyiiintoiioceansiicarryiiexcessiiphosphorusiiandiinitrateiiru
noff.iiTheseiideadiizonesiiareiicausediiby algaliiblooms
WhichiiofiitheiifollowingiidoesiiNOTiisignificantlyiiaffectiiterrestrialiidecompositioniirates?
phosphorusiicontentiiofiilitter
Decompositioniiisiimoreiirapidiiinii_____iiforestsiibecauseiiofii_____.
tropical;iiincreasediitemperatureiiandiiprecipitation
IniitheiistudyiiofiileafiidecompositioniiiniiaiistreamiiiniiGermanyiiusingiileafiilitteriienclosediiiniieitheriifine-
iioriilarge-meshiibags,iiresearchersiifoundiithatiidecompositioniiwasiistronglyiiaffected iiby

invertebratesiiandiiligniniicontent
whichiiisiinotiianiiadaptationiitoiilowiioxygeniiaquaticiienvironment increasediimetaboliciiactivity
Matchiiadaptationiitoiibenefit
preventiilossiiofiileafiitissue
produceiiboundaryiilayeriiofiistilliiair
ableiitoiitakeiiupiiwateriiafteriibriefiirainfall
protectiiplantsiifromiislowiiwateriiloss smalliileavesiiwithiihighiidensityiiveins;
spinesiiandiihairs;

,shalllowiiroots;
resin
aiifishiithatiihasiitissueiisoluteiiconcentrationsiithatiiareiihigheriithaniisurroundiiwaters

isiihyperosmotic;iitryingiitoiinotiidrinkiitheiienvironmentaliiwateriiiniiattemptiitoiimaintainiiinternaliiwaterii
concentrations
photosynthesisiioccursiiiniitwoiistepsiiknowniiasii___iiandiitheii____ light;iicalvin
whyiiareiibothiiCO2iiandiiO2iilimitediiiniiaquaticiienvironments? notiiveryiisolubleiiiniiwater
aiismallmouthiibassiiswimmingiiiniicoldiiwateriiofiiaiispringtimeiilakeiiwouldiilikelyiiexpendii______iiener
gyiithaniiwheniiswimmingiiiniiwarmeriiwateriiofiilakeiiduringiitheiisummer more
theiitempiithatiiwateriireachesiimaxxiidensity 4iidegreeiiCelsius
rateiiofiibiologicaliiprocessesiiincreasesiitwoiitoiifouriitimesiiforiieachii___iiincreaseiiiniitemp
10iidegiiC
fishiiobtainiioxygeniifromiitheiiwateriithroughiitheiriigillsiiusing countercurrentiicirculation
whichiiphotosynthsisiimethodiiisiibestiisuitediitoiiwarmiidryiienvironment C4iifixationiiandiiCAM
aquaticiiorganismsiihaveiidevelopediistreamlineiishapesiitoiiadaptiitoiithe viscosityiiofiiwater
aiiplantiiwithiihighiinumberiiofiistomata highiirateiiofiitranspiration
theiilowiidensityiiofiiice allowsiiaquaticiiplantsiitoiisurviveiitheiiwinter
primaryiicauseiiofiicoraliibleaching increasediiwateriitemperature
watersiipolariinature makesiiitiiaiigoodiisolvent
T/
Fiiaddingiidissolvediicompoundsiisuchiiasiisaltiitoiiwateriiincreasesiitheiiboilingiipointiiandiiinciifreezingiip
oint false
anaerobiciicondition moreiicommoniiiniideepiiwateriithaniishallow
spottediisalamandersiilayiieggsiiiniigelatinousiimassesiioniitwigsiipartiallyiisubmergediiiniismalliiponds.iia
ssociatediiwithiitheiieggsiiscientistsiihaveiifoundiimutualisticiirelationshipiiwithiitheiidevelopingiieggs.iiw
hatiibenefitiidoesiitheiisalamanderiirecieveiifromiithisiirelationship
salamanderiiembryosiirecieveiiincreasediioxygeniisupply
whichiidoesiinotiilimitiitheiiabilityiiofiiaquaticiiplantsiitoiiphotosynthesize highiilevelsiiofiicarboniciiacid
whichiiisiinotiiaiitrueiistatement alliiectothermsiiareiipoikilotherms
whichiiofiitheiifollowingiiisiinotiiaiipartiiofiicarboniiequilibriumiiiniiwater ammonia
availabilityiiofiisoiliinutrientsiivariesiiwith presenceiiotheriiions
soiliitemp
pH
photosynthesisiiprimarilyiiallowsiiplantsiitoiiproduce glucose
whichiiisiinotiianiiadaptationiithatiiexploitsiitheiidensityiiofiiwater long,iifilamentousiiappendages
aiiliquidiiwithiilowiipHiiwouldiihaveiiaii___iiH+iiconcentrationiiandiiwouldiibeiicalled highii;iiacidic
T/F:iienergyiibenefitiiofiiresourceiiitem/iihandlingiitimeii=iiamountiiofiienergyiigainediiperiiunitiitime
true
T/
F:iisomeiiforagersiiconsumeiiaiisingulariifoodiitypeiiasiiaiidietiimixingiiforagingiiresponseiibecauseiioneiity
peiiofiifoodiiwilliiprovideiialliitheiinecessaryiinutrients false
changesiiinii____iiandii_____iiareiiofteniirelativelyiislowiiphenotypiciiresponses
morphology;iilifeiihistory
thisiifigureiishowsiitheiitailiishapeiidevelopediibyii3iitadpoleiigenotypesii(M,N,O)iiwheniiraisediiiniianiienvi
ronmentiiwithiipredatorsiiandiianiienvironmentiiwithoutiipredators.iiiniitheiipresenceiiofiipredators,iitadpo

, lesiiwithiilargeiitailsiihaveiihighiifitnessiiandiitadpolesiiwithiismalliitailsiihaveiilowiifitness.iiwheniipredator
siiarentiipresentiitadpolesiiwithiilargeiitailsiihaveiilowiifitnessiiandiitadpolesiiwithiismalliitailsiihaveiihighiifit
ness.

whichiigenotypesiiexhibitiiphenotypiciiplasticityiiiniiresponseiitoiipredators Oiionly
wheniitheiiprotistiiEuplotesiidetectsiipredators,iiitiigrowsiiwingsiiandiiotheriiprojectionsiitoiidiscourageiipr
edators.iihoweveriidevelopingiitheiiprojectionsiiandiiwingsiislowsiidowniigrowthiiisiianiiexampleiiof
phenotypiciitradeoffs;iiphenotypiciiplasticity
basediioniitheiicentraliiplaceiiforagingiitheoryiiandiitheiifigure,iiidentifyiitheiioptimalii#iipreyiiforiiforargeriit
oiicatch 8iiprey
iniiresponseiitoiiaiispecificiitypeiiofiienvironmentaliivariation,iitheiiBurmeseiiphythoniicaniidrasticallyiiinc
reaseiitheiisizeiiofiiitsiiheartiiandiilengthiiofiiintestinesiiiniifeweriithanii2iidays.iiwhatiienvironmentaliivariati
oniicausesiithisiidrasticiichange variationiiiniiavailabilityiiofiifood
T/
F:iislowiienvironmentaliifluctuationsiifavoriislowiiphenotypiciiresponses,iiwhereasiirapidiifluctuationsiif
avoriirapidiiphenotypiciiresponses true
Ifiiaiigoldfishiiisiiacclimatediiatii25°C,iiatiiwhichiitemperatureiiwouldiiweiiexpectiitheiifishiitoiiswimiifastest
? 25iidegiiC
whichiiofiitheiifollowingiiareiiphenotypicallyiiplasticiiresponsesiiofiiplantsiitoiireducediiwateriiavailability
closeiistomataiiiniileaves;iiincreaseiitheiiroot/shootiiratio
Consideriiaiimouseiithatiicaniiforageiiiniioneiiofiitwoiifields.iiTheiisouthiifieldiihasiithreeiitimesiimoreiiseedsii
thaniitheiinorthiifield.iiHowever,iianiiowlii(aiipredatoriithatiieatsiimice)iilivesiiatiitheiisouthiifield.iiTheiimous
eiiforagesiiiniitheiinorthiifieldiidespiteiitheiifactiithatiiitiicontainsiilessiifood.iiThisiiisiianiiexampleiiof:
riskiisensitiveiiforaging
sinceiiresourcesiivaryiiinii____iiandii___iinoiisingleiiforagingiistrategyiicaniimaximizeiianiianimalsiifitness
spaceiiandiitime
differentiispeciesiiofiibirdsiifoundiifeedingiiiniidifferentiipartsiiofiisameiiforestiicanopyiiatiitheiisameiitimeii
mayiibeiianiiexampleiiof microhabitatiidifferences
theiiaverageiiannualiirainfalliimeasurediiiniiaiidesertiioverii10iiyearsiiisiiwhichiitypeiiofiivariation climate
consideriitheiifigure,iiwhichiishowsiihowiiVirginiaiipepperweediirespondsiitoiiherbivores.iiwhichiiofiitheiif
ollowingiiconclusionsiicaniiweiimakeiisoleyiiusingiitheiidata
plantsiiincreasediiglucosinolateiiproductioniiwheniiaphidsiiwereiipresentii
plantsiiwithiimoreiiglucosinolateiiandiitrichomesiihadiifeweriiaphids
whichiiofiitheiifollowingiiisiianiiexampleiiofiiweather
Aiisingleiilocationiireceivedii10iicmiiofiisnowiioniiJanuaryii1,ii2011,iibutiinoiisnowiioniiJanuaryii2,
2011
whatiiisiitheiiriskiitoiiaiispeciesiiofiiinbreedingiidepression?
aniiincreasediilikelihoodiiofiideleteriousiigenesiibeingiiinheritediifromiibothiieggiiandiisperm
Wheniihumansiimoveiifromiilowiielevationsiitoiihighiielevations,iiitiitypicallyiitakesiioneiioriimoreiiweeksii
foriitheiriibodiesiitoiiimproveiitheiriiabilityiitoiicarryiioxygen.iiThisiiisiianiiexampleiiof acclimation
aiiscientistiiisiistudyingiiaiibirdiithatiiforagesiiforiiwormsiiandiitakesiithemiibackiitoiitheiriinest.iiifiitheiirelatio
niibetweeniisearchiitimeiiandiitheii#iipreyiicaughtiiremainsiiconstantiibutiitheiiscientistiimovesiitheiifoodiiclo
ser,iiwhatiichangeiiiniitheiibirdsiibeahvioriiwouldiicentraliiplaceiiforagingiipredict?
feweriiwormsiiwouldiibeiibroughtiibackiiperiitrip
aiipreadtoriishouldiialwaysiieatiitheiipreyiispeciesiithatiiprovidesiitheiihighestiiamountiiofiienergyiigainediip
eriiunitiitimeii...iithisiiisiiforiitheii______iiresponseiitoiifoodiivariation optimal

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