Summary Topic 1 - biological molecules

teia
glucos a
Compact high
mon

man
linhedGlucose
give
respiration
to release energy
↑

Microfibrils Gocluckmonaa b
Laminat
~
bundled
glycogenolysis microfibrils which in him are
called
>
-
fibres
togeller to form



glucea
↳ a
whenblood
↓ 2 down to release
glucose


(branchin ↓ says
a

insoluble =noosmocells
d

is
diffuse out of
reah hydrogen bonds + 1, 4 glycosidic bonds
man branched
good for quick


eciamthatchainsbetwe
energy release
=

than amylopein
C
a

seeds
found in


*
Starch
I cells
Storage polymer of se glucose in plant
· insoluble = no osmotic effect on cells . doesn't affect I

· large= does not diffuse out of cells
· helical == compact for storage


n is

Made from madeby manyI
↑
of 14 linked glucose molecules
~

helical = compact - chains = shorter than amylose


bran enhages
made condensation between
·
by many runs

a
glucose molecules an
I ntermolecular H bonds

Starch
·
↓
cellnose
for])
Good for energy storage is
branched many terminal ends
·




man
hydrolysis into glucose a
· Good for quick energy
release

of gre
Polysaccharides glass
condensation
Carbon hydrogen exygen
,
the


reaction-ser e
,




I
helicant shaight n glucose +
glucose = maltose
monomer
glucose
not branched
branched
microfibrils milk
no microfibrils
bonds
· glucose + galactose =
lactose main
carbohydrate in



glycosidic
1-4 bonds ↑monosaccharide H
↑
und
H
1-6 bonds
·




I




HO
remote
monomer ↑


Carbohydrates
L
repeating unit from -




which larger molenles/
polymers are made Lmade from monosaccharides
e .


g
. glucose , galactose and fructose


CH2OH using ameHome ar
~
O
hydroxyl
>
C


groun mreducing sugan-Benedict
H H
H
C brown. Sugar presen

C starch -
Iodide - from
blue-black
if starch present

OH OH
H adde
OH
Non reducing sugan-1
.
2
. Add

Boil
HC

He solution
.
7
C E - Neuralise
3 with an alhalia

3 . Test lik normal using Benedid's

H
solution

OH
CH2OH
& glucose monomer
C O
H OH
I H
-
C
used to for starch/glycogen C
Isomer
a
OH H
allrepeating unit todifferen not
a
due H
direction
same
elements OH
ot Got o C

&
E

H OH
Polysaccharides

~
a
formedby condensation
L the

B glucose monomer

for
Used to
cluse

, hydroyil
as

asheadis
> solar
-

Pl
Phospholipids
↑




·
hydrop
. fath and7-hydropho




·
i a




/
n ⑭




,




nature of lipids such as fats and oils

organic compounds containing hydrogen oxygen
carbon
&
>
-
,
,



in water
insoluble
&
>
-




small molecules but join together to form globules




Lipids
=>




=
Falst oils are compounds called triglycerides which
a
condensation reactions between tall
d
afomedby

used a
en
the



L an
insoluble
-




I
Friglyceride + saturated e unsaluated lipids

Role of lipids in living things 9 -Containabout
hada
n




·
metabolic water source
source e
=>



Energy oxidised
when triglycerides are
-


Energyreleased
Lused to make ATP




Fatagemheinmanneetrite
I
amount of water muscle bone
dense or

edesent
at not as


cameishhums)
as
L used by and

as
and Condensation
Subcutaneous fat buoyancy
-
as a


L stored as
adipose tissue



provides insulation AnAlcoholunsenaahe
↳hasaresidebodsuptheatof body, ahin
bond
Thigyandezonsiste
formed
·"
functioning as a heat insulation layer ester is




waterproofing Steroids
Loily Secreting of ebaceous
glands water repellant of
of steriod consists
O are


=>
Structure
of carbon
a set of complex rings
aroms

hydrophobic -
I




-

buth of molecule is

but polor
-
on
group hydrophilic
is

animals cholestel animals essential part of
occur in plants
+ e g in plant + are
. .
-




roles
-


- :
all membran
- in mammals:
-
converted into sea
homones + certain




artery
-
stored as deposits in



walls ifnomuchDe
se



>
-
used to form bile salts


necessarfor absorption
a
a
gut to body tissues