VMP BEEF ALL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
416 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
How many pounds are in a tractor trailer load? - ANSWER 50,000
Cows are sold to processor as what? - ANSWER Tractor trailer loads
What is Biosecurity - ANSWER Prevention of the ENTRY of pathogens
considered harmful to the health and well-being of the herd.
What is Biocontainment - ANSWER Prevention of the SPREAD of pathogens
considered potentially harmful to the health and well-being of the herd.
Name the 4 routes of transmission - ANSWER Animal to Animal
Animal to Human
Human to Animal
Environment to Animal
Name the 6 specific routes of transmission - ANSWER Aerosol
Direct Contact
Formite
Oral
Vector borne
Zoonotic
List the Three components of a Biosecurity plan: - ANSWER Isolation (in and
out of herd)
Traffic Control
Sanitation
List the 5 steps to a basic biosecurity plan - ANSWER 1) Identify diseases of
concern.
,2) Review management practices
3) Create a farm diagram and identify risk areas.
4) Select a biosecurity practices for your plan.
5) Implement your biosecurity plan.
What does Isolation in the biosecurity plan mean? - ANSWER Quarantine
New Animals
Routinely screen all animals and separate or cull positive.
How long should new animals be quarantined for? - ANSWER Time depends
on the disease in question. 2 weeks to 1 month is typically long enough to get
over incubation period and see clinical signs.
What does the traffic control part of the biosecurity plan mean? - ANSWER
Do not allow animals to contact anything from outside of farm. This includes
trailers, needles, equipment, wildlife, fencelines.
What does the sanitation part of the biosecurity plan mean? - ANSWER
Disinfect all equipment between uses. Needles, Tagging guns, Tattooers,
Processing tools, Trailers. REMOVE ALL ORGANIC MATTER FIRST.
What is anaplasmosis? - ANSWER Bacteria infect red blood cells.
What are the clinical signs of anaplasmosis? - ANSWER Fever, low milk
production, inappetence, dry muzzle, breathlessness, loss of coordination, rapid
pulse, yellow mucus membranes, abortion, rapid decline, death upon treatment.
What is the pathogenesis of anaplasmosis? - ANSWER Thin watery blood,
low RBC count --> killed by spleen if infected. Bloodstream cannot carry
sufficient oxygen. Animal may die if stressed from treatment attempts.
Severity of Anaplasmosis is dependent on: - ANSWER Age.
What happens if a >2 year old gets anaplasmosis? - ANSWER Severe anemia,
possible death.
What happens if a 9-18 month gets anaplasmosis? - ANSWER Mild to severe
depending on strain and resistance.
,What happens if a <1 year gets anaplasmosis? - ANSWER Mild symptoms, if
any disease.
Describe the transmission of anaplasmosis. - ANSWER Most effective
transmission through male ticks. (Intermittent feeders)
Also possible through stable fly, horse fly, horn fly, mosquito, and via fomite.
Describe the progression of anaplasmosis. - ANSWER Animals that survive
the acute phase usually survive and RBC count improves over time. Animals
are carriers --> chronically infected.
Animals develop a strong immunity against disease unless they are
immunosuppressed.
Describe the treatment of anaplasmosis. - ANSWER Tetracyclines for
treatment. Antibiotics will delay progression but not cure disease. Injection of
long acting oxytetrecycline is good. Blood transfusions can help save animals.
How can you potentially eliminate the carrier state of anaplasmosis? -
ANSWER Give at least 2 doses of LA200 at one week intervals.
Describe the prevention of anaplasmosis. - ANSWER Arthropod and fly
control (insecticide...) Feed chlorotetracycline during transmission. Test and
have good biosecurity. Cull positive animals. Vaccination is not available in the
US.
What is BLV? - ANSWER Bovine Leukosis Virus
BLV is a _____ disease of _____ - ANSWER contagious, cattle
BLV infects ______ - ANSWER white blood cells
BLV is transmitted via: - ANSWER Blood, semen, in utero
BLV positive test: - ANSWER May be seropositive and not display clinical
signs.
, 15% infected cattle develop ______ - ANSWER Lymphocytosis (elevated
white cell count)
5% infected cattle develop ______ - ANSWER Lymphosarcoma (cancer and
malignant tumors in spinal cord, heart, abomasum, uterus, lymph nodes...)
How to control BLV? - ANSWER hygiene, animal blood tests and cull
positive.
Treatment for BLV - ANSWER NONE
Clinical signs for BLV: diagnosis is ____ - ANSWER terminal
BLV is ________(human affected) - ANSWER zoonotic
Are beef or dairy more affected by BLV? - ANSWER Dairy
Goal of Cow Calf Operation: - ANSWER Sell calves (pounds of calf)
Production of cow calf operation depends on: (3) - ANSWER cow and bull
fertility, calving success, weaning success
Goal is to get _____% of cows pregnant within ____ days of breeding season -
ANSWER 95%, 63 days
Goal is to get ____ % of heifers pregnant within ___ days of breeding season -
ANSWER 90%, 45 days
How many cows can one bull impregnate? - ANSWER 1 cow per month of
bull age from 15-48 months
Optimum fertility depends on what 4 things? - ANSWER Nutrition, Genetics,
Health of Herd, Timing of herd events
Heifers should be bred at ______ mature body weight. - ANSWER 55%-65%
Heifers should be 55-65% mature body weight and cycling by ____ -
ANSWER 12 months
VERIFIED ANSWERS
416 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
How many pounds are in a tractor trailer load? - ANSWER 50,000
Cows are sold to processor as what? - ANSWER Tractor trailer loads
What is Biosecurity - ANSWER Prevention of the ENTRY of pathogens
considered harmful to the health and well-being of the herd.
What is Biocontainment - ANSWER Prevention of the SPREAD of pathogens
considered potentially harmful to the health and well-being of the herd.
Name the 4 routes of transmission - ANSWER Animal to Animal
Animal to Human
Human to Animal
Environment to Animal
Name the 6 specific routes of transmission - ANSWER Aerosol
Direct Contact
Formite
Oral
Vector borne
Zoonotic
List the Three components of a Biosecurity plan: - ANSWER Isolation (in and
out of herd)
Traffic Control
Sanitation
List the 5 steps to a basic biosecurity plan - ANSWER 1) Identify diseases of
concern.
,2) Review management practices
3) Create a farm diagram and identify risk areas.
4) Select a biosecurity practices for your plan.
5) Implement your biosecurity plan.
What does Isolation in the biosecurity plan mean? - ANSWER Quarantine
New Animals
Routinely screen all animals and separate or cull positive.
How long should new animals be quarantined for? - ANSWER Time depends
on the disease in question. 2 weeks to 1 month is typically long enough to get
over incubation period and see clinical signs.
What does the traffic control part of the biosecurity plan mean? - ANSWER
Do not allow animals to contact anything from outside of farm. This includes
trailers, needles, equipment, wildlife, fencelines.
What does the sanitation part of the biosecurity plan mean? - ANSWER
Disinfect all equipment between uses. Needles, Tagging guns, Tattooers,
Processing tools, Trailers. REMOVE ALL ORGANIC MATTER FIRST.
What is anaplasmosis? - ANSWER Bacteria infect red blood cells.
What are the clinical signs of anaplasmosis? - ANSWER Fever, low milk
production, inappetence, dry muzzle, breathlessness, loss of coordination, rapid
pulse, yellow mucus membranes, abortion, rapid decline, death upon treatment.
What is the pathogenesis of anaplasmosis? - ANSWER Thin watery blood,
low RBC count --> killed by spleen if infected. Bloodstream cannot carry
sufficient oxygen. Animal may die if stressed from treatment attempts.
Severity of Anaplasmosis is dependent on: - ANSWER Age.
What happens if a >2 year old gets anaplasmosis? - ANSWER Severe anemia,
possible death.
What happens if a 9-18 month gets anaplasmosis? - ANSWER Mild to severe
depending on strain and resistance.
,What happens if a <1 year gets anaplasmosis? - ANSWER Mild symptoms, if
any disease.
Describe the transmission of anaplasmosis. - ANSWER Most effective
transmission through male ticks. (Intermittent feeders)
Also possible through stable fly, horse fly, horn fly, mosquito, and via fomite.
Describe the progression of anaplasmosis. - ANSWER Animals that survive
the acute phase usually survive and RBC count improves over time. Animals
are carriers --> chronically infected.
Animals develop a strong immunity against disease unless they are
immunosuppressed.
Describe the treatment of anaplasmosis. - ANSWER Tetracyclines for
treatment. Antibiotics will delay progression but not cure disease. Injection of
long acting oxytetrecycline is good. Blood transfusions can help save animals.
How can you potentially eliminate the carrier state of anaplasmosis? -
ANSWER Give at least 2 doses of LA200 at one week intervals.
Describe the prevention of anaplasmosis. - ANSWER Arthropod and fly
control (insecticide...) Feed chlorotetracycline during transmission. Test and
have good biosecurity. Cull positive animals. Vaccination is not available in the
US.
What is BLV? - ANSWER Bovine Leukosis Virus
BLV is a _____ disease of _____ - ANSWER contagious, cattle
BLV infects ______ - ANSWER white blood cells
BLV is transmitted via: - ANSWER Blood, semen, in utero
BLV positive test: - ANSWER May be seropositive and not display clinical
signs.
, 15% infected cattle develop ______ - ANSWER Lymphocytosis (elevated
white cell count)
5% infected cattle develop ______ - ANSWER Lymphosarcoma (cancer and
malignant tumors in spinal cord, heart, abomasum, uterus, lymph nodes...)
How to control BLV? - ANSWER hygiene, animal blood tests and cull
positive.
Treatment for BLV - ANSWER NONE
Clinical signs for BLV: diagnosis is ____ - ANSWER terminal
BLV is ________(human affected) - ANSWER zoonotic
Are beef or dairy more affected by BLV? - ANSWER Dairy
Goal of Cow Calf Operation: - ANSWER Sell calves (pounds of calf)
Production of cow calf operation depends on: (3) - ANSWER cow and bull
fertility, calving success, weaning success
Goal is to get _____% of cows pregnant within ____ days of breeding season -
ANSWER 95%, 63 days
Goal is to get ____ % of heifers pregnant within ___ days of breeding season -
ANSWER 90%, 45 days
How many cows can one bull impregnate? - ANSWER 1 cow per month of
bull age from 15-48 months
Optimum fertility depends on what 4 things? - ANSWER Nutrition, Genetics,
Health of Herd, Timing of herd events
Heifers should be bred at ______ mature body weight. - ANSWER 55%-65%
Heifers should be 55-65% mature body weight and cycling by ____ -
ANSWER 12 months
