BIO205 (Fortis) Microbiology Final Exam (Qns & Ans) 2025.

BIO205

Microbiology

Final Exams (Qns & Ans)

2025




1. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of Gram-
positive bacteria?
- A. Thin peptidoglycan layer
- B. Presence of an outer membrane
- C. Thick peptidoglycan layer
- D. High lipid content in the cell wall
- ANS: C. Thick peptidoglycan layer
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, - Rationale: Gram-positive bacteria have a thick
peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, which retains the crystal
violet stain during the Gram staining process.


2. What is the main purpose of performing a bacterial culture
and sensitivity test?
- A. To identify the type of bacteria present
- B. To determine the patient's immune response
- C. To assess the effectiveness of antibiotics
- D. To measure bacterial growth rate
- ANS: A. To identify the type of bacteria present
- Rationale: A bacterial culture and sensitivity test is
performed to identify the type of bacteria causing an infection and
to determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment.


3. Which of the following best describes the concept of
'antibiotic resistance'?
- A. The ability of bacteria to grow in the presence of antibiotics
- B. The ability of bacteria to produce antibiotics
- C. The ability of antibiotics to kill bacteria
- D. The ability of antibiotics to inhibit bacterial growth
- ANS: A. The ability of bacteria to grow in the presence of
antibiotics
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, - Rationale: Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria
develop the ability to survive and grow in the presence of
antibiotics that would normally kill them or inhibit their growth.


### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The process by which bacteria exchange genetic material
through direct contact is known as __________.
- ANS: Conjugation
- Rationale: Conjugation is a method of horizontal gene
transfer in bacteria, where genetic material is exchanged through
direct contact between cells.


5. __________ is a type of virus that infects bacteria.
- ANS: Bacteriophage
- Rationale: Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect
and replicate within bacterial cells.


6. The __________ test is used to detect the presence of
endotoxins in a sample.
- ANS: Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL)
- Rationale: The LAL test is used to detect endotoxins, which
are components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative
bacteria.


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, ### True/False Questions
7. True or False: All bacteria are harmful and cause diseases.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Not all bacteria are harmful; many bacteria are
beneficial and play important roles in processes such as digestion
and nutrient cycling.


8. True or False: Viruses can replicate independently without a
host cell.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Viruses require a host cell to replicate, as they
lack the necessary cellular machinery for independent
reproduction.


9. True or False: Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can cause
infections in humans.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, and some
species can cause infections in humans, such as athlete's foot and
candidiasis.


### Multiple Response Questions
10. Which of the following are common methods of sterilization
in microbiology? (Select all that apply)
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