Psychology 132: Midterm #1 Exam
Questions and Answers
Explanations to how light gets into muscle - Correct Answers -Pythagoras used the
emanation hypothesis
Democritus used the eidola hypothesis
Simulative assumption
Projective assumption
Emanation Hypothesis - Correct Answers -The eyes themselves shine an illumination
onto the world when we open our eyes. They send messengers and bring them back
into our body.
Characterizes the isomorphism principle - Correct Answers -brain states correspond to
perceptual states
Goals of structuralism - Correct Answers --to distill (to extract the essential meaning or
most important aspects of) mental experiences into elements
-to determine how the elements are connected
-to determine the laws of connection between elements
In connectionist models, experience: - Correct Answers -moderates the strength of
connections
These ideas are inconsistent with
Structuralism - Correct Answers --the phi phenomenon and its implications
-the whole is different from the sum of the parts
Eidola Hypothesis - Correct Answers -There are copies (iedolas) in the world within the
light that get into the eye and the body. It is the body's job to interpret the iedolas.
Simulative Assumption - Correct Answers -Objects in the world send out "simulations"
(copies) of itself allowing us to obtain information about the object.
, Example: There is a simulation of a table in the light that the brain is going to be making
use of.
Projective Assumption - Correct Answers -Those copies of things also get projected into
the eye. So it doesn't only exist in the light. This is assumed to start of the perceptual
process.
Homunculus - Correct Answers -The Greeks believed that there needs to be something
in the mind that interprets the projections. However this leads to infinite regress.
Infinite regress - Correct Answers -A sequence of reasoning or justification that can
never come to an end.
Descartes - Correct Answers -Who believed the mind-body relation. Not only is the mind
a puppeteer and controls the body, but the body also influences the mind.
The body is influencing our experience, which influences the mind.
Doctrine of Corporeal Ideas - Correct Answers -Our experience of the world is based on
the body.
We are only aware of body states.
We actually have no idea if anything is out there, because our mental states only
depend on how the body has been affected. We aren't in touch with the actual world,
but only with how our body experiences the world.
Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies - Correct Answers -It is which nerves that are being
activated that is important. Our mental state only depends on the nerves that are being
stimulated. We aren't in touch with neither the world nor the body, but only our nerves.
Nerves relate to sensation, not body.
Descartes: we only know about the world via our body (we are only in touch with our
body state)
Muller: we only know about the world via our nerves (we are only in touch with our
nerves)
Sensations - Correct Answers -Experiences of very simple things, such as sound and
light. The building blocks of our experience. These are meaningless. They are also
distorted. It changes all the time, depending on the lighting, distance, etc.
Perceptions - Correct Answers -Things that are thought to have meaning, such as the
word guitar or whether a guitar is being played.
Questions and Answers
Explanations to how light gets into muscle - Correct Answers -Pythagoras used the
emanation hypothesis
Democritus used the eidola hypothesis
Simulative assumption
Projective assumption
Emanation Hypothesis - Correct Answers -The eyes themselves shine an illumination
onto the world when we open our eyes. They send messengers and bring them back
into our body.
Characterizes the isomorphism principle - Correct Answers -brain states correspond to
perceptual states
Goals of structuralism - Correct Answers --to distill (to extract the essential meaning or
most important aspects of) mental experiences into elements
-to determine how the elements are connected
-to determine the laws of connection between elements
In connectionist models, experience: - Correct Answers -moderates the strength of
connections
These ideas are inconsistent with
Structuralism - Correct Answers --the phi phenomenon and its implications
-the whole is different from the sum of the parts
Eidola Hypothesis - Correct Answers -There are copies (iedolas) in the world within the
light that get into the eye and the body. It is the body's job to interpret the iedolas.
Simulative Assumption - Correct Answers -Objects in the world send out "simulations"
(copies) of itself allowing us to obtain information about the object.
, Example: There is a simulation of a table in the light that the brain is going to be making
use of.
Projective Assumption - Correct Answers -Those copies of things also get projected into
the eye. So it doesn't only exist in the light. This is assumed to start of the perceptual
process.
Homunculus - Correct Answers -The Greeks believed that there needs to be something
in the mind that interprets the projections. However this leads to infinite regress.
Infinite regress - Correct Answers -A sequence of reasoning or justification that can
never come to an end.
Descartes - Correct Answers -Who believed the mind-body relation. Not only is the mind
a puppeteer and controls the body, but the body also influences the mind.
The body is influencing our experience, which influences the mind.
Doctrine of Corporeal Ideas - Correct Answers -Our experience of the world is based on
the body.
We are only aware of body states.
We actually have no idea if anything is out there, because our mental states only
depend on how the body has been affected. We aren't in touch with the actual world,
but only with how our body experiences the world.
Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies - Correct Answers -It is which nerves that are being
activated that is important. Our mental state only depends on the nerves that are being
stimulated. We aren't in touch with neither the world nor the body, but only our nerves.
Nerves relate to sensation, not body.
Descartes: we only know about the world via our body (we are only in touch with our
body state)
Muller: we only know about the world via our nerves (we are only in touch with our
nerves)
Sensations - Correct Answers -Experiences of very simple things, such as sound and
light. The building blocks of our experience. These are meaningless. They are also
distorted. It changes all the time, depending on the lighting, distance, etc.
Perceptions - Correct Answers -Things that are thought to have meaning, such as the
word guitar or whether a guitar is being played.
