BIO 208 exam 5 with verified solutions
1. main components of the urinary system:kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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2. kidney:retroperitoneal |
3. ureters: urine to bladders | | |
4. urinary bladder: stores urine | | |
5. urethra: urine out | |
6. retroperitoneal: behind the peritoneum | | |
7. Kidney Anatomy: renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis
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8. kidney layers: renal fascia, adipose capsule, renal capsule
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9. renal fascia: anchoring outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue
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10. perirenal fat copsule: | |
11. fibrous capsule:a transparent capsule that prevents infections in surrounding
| | | | | | | | |
| regions from spreading to the kidney
| | | | |
12. hormones of the kidney: erythropoietin and renin | | | | | |
13. components of renal corpuscle: glomerulus and bowman's capsule | | | | | | |
14. renal corpuscle:filters blood plasma
| | | |
15. renal tubule: responsible for homeostasis of fluids and electrolytes in the body
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16. components of renal tubule:proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal | | | | | | | | | |
| convoluted tubule |
17. collecting duct: A segment of the nephron that returns water form the filtrate to the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| bloodstream.
18. functionof collectingduct: variable reabsorption of water and reabsorption or
| | | | | | | | | |
| secretion of sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and bicarbonate ions
| | | | | | |
19. the path that urine takes form the collecting ducts to be excreted from the body: urine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| progresses to the renal pelvis and exits through the ureter
| | | | | | | | |
20. what are the two different types of nephrons: cortical and juxtamedullary
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,21. cortical nephron: - *0% of nephrons
| | | | |
-short nephron loop
| |
-glomerulus further from the cortex-medulla junction
| | | | |
-efferent arteriole supplies peritubular capillaries
| | | |
22. juxtamedullary nephrons: -20% of nephrons | | | |
-Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
| | | | |
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
| | | | | |
-Important in production of concentrated urine
| | | | |
23. what is the most common nephron?: cortical nephron
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24. components of blood: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
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25. components of filtrate:Blood, water, urea, glucose, salts, amino acids, and
| | | | | | | | | |
| vitamins
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, 26. why are components of blood and filtrate similar?: Both plasma and glomerular
| | | | | | | | | | |
| filtrate contain water, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and metabolic wastes.
| | | | | | | |
27. peritubular capillaries:The network of tiny blood vessels that surrounds the | | | | | | | | | |
| proximal and distal tubules in the kidney
| | | | | |
28. howarecapillariesassociatedwithnephrons?:-peritubular capillaries move the
| | | | | | | | |
| blood through the nephrons into filters called the glomerulus
| | | | | | | |
-fenestrated
29. what is special about peritubular capillaries?:oThese filters trap fluid, small
| | | | | | | | | | |
| molecules, and waste in the tubule. Blood cells and proteins pass through the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| glomerulus harmlessly. |
30. nephron: functional unit of the kidney | | | | |
31. function of nephron: filtration, reabsorption, secretion | | | | |
32. function of renal coruscle: filter blood | | | | |
33. bowman's capsule: surrounds the glomerulus | | | |
34. capsular space:-separates the two layers of glomerular capsule | | | | | | | |
-where filtrate goes | |
35. glomerulus: -small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron | | | | | | | | | | | |
-where the filtration of blood takes place
| | | | | |
36. efferent arteriole: The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| the glomerulus.
|
37. afferent arteriole: The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| glomerulus.
38. podocytes: These cells form a porous membrane surrounding the endothelial | | | | | | | | |
| cells of the glomerulus.
| | |
39. visceral layer of renal corpuscle: -podocytes | | | | |
-inner most layer | |
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1. main components of the urinary system:kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
| | | | | | | | | |
2. kidney:retroperitoneal |
3. ureters: urine to bladders | | |
4. urinary bladder: stores urine | | |
5. urethra: urine out | |
6. retroperitoneal: behind the peritoneum | | |
7. Kidney Anatomy: renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis
| | | | | | |
8. kidney layers: renal fascia, adipose capsule, renal capsule
| | | | | | |
9. renal fascia: anchoring outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue
| | | | | | | | |
10. perirenal fat copsule: | |
11. fibrous capsule:a transparent capsule that prevents infections in surrounding
| | | | | | | | |
| regions from spreading to the kidney
| | | | |
12. hormones of the kidney: erythropoietin and renin | | | | | |
13. components of renal corpuscle: glomerulus and bowman's capsule | | | | | | |
14. renal corpuscle:filters blood plasma
| | | |
15. renal tubule: responsible for homeostasis of fluids and electrolytes in the body
| | | | | | | | | | |
16. components of renal tubule:proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal | | | | | | | | | |
| convoluted tubule |
17. collecting duct: A segment of the nephron that returns water form the filtrate to the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| bloodstream.
18. functionof collectingduct: variable reabsorption of water and reabsorption or
| | | | | | | | | |
| secretion of sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and bicarbonate ions
| | | | | | |
19. the path that urine takes form the collecting ducts to be excreted from the body: urine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| progresses to the renal pelvis and exits through the ureter
| | | | | | | | |
20. what are the two different types of nephrons: cortical and juxtamedullary
| | | | | | | | | |
1/
17
,21. cortical nephron: - *0% of nephrons
| | | | |
-short nephron loop
| |
-glomerulus further from the cortex-medulla junction
| | | | |
-efferent arteriole supplies peritubular capillaries
| | | |
22. juxtamedullary nephrons: -20% of nephrons | | | |
-Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
| | | | |
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
| | | | | |
-Important in production of concentrated urine
| | | | |
23. what is the most common nephron?: cortical nephron
| | | | | | |
24. components of blood: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
| | | | | | | | | |
25. components of filtrate:Blood, water, urea, glucose, salts, amino acids, and
| | | | | | | | | |
| vitamins
2/
17
, 26. why are components of blood and filtrate similar?: Both plasma and glomerular
| | | | | | | | | | |
| filtrate contain water, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and metabolic wastes.
| | | | | | | |
27. peritubular capillaries:The network of tiny blood vessels that surrounds the | | | | | | | | | |
| proximal and distal tubules in the kidney
| | | | | |
28. howarecapillariesassociatedwithnephrons?:-peritubular capillaries move the
| | | | | | | | |
| blood through the nephrons into filters called the glomerulus
| | | | | | | |
-fenestrated
29. what is special about peritubular capillaries?:oThese filters trap fluid, small
| | | | | | | | | | |
| molecules, and waste in the tubule. Blood cells and proteins pass through the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| glomerulus harmlessly. |
30. nephron: functional unit of the kidney | | | | |
31. function of nephron: filtration, reabsorption, secretion | | | | |
32. function of renal coruscle: filter blood | | | | |
33. bowman's capsule: surrounds the glomerulus | | | |
34. capsular space:-separates the two layers of glomerular capsule | | | | | | | |
-where filtrate goes | |
35. glomerulus: -small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron | | | | | | | | | | | |
-where the filtration of blood takes place
| | | | | |
36. efferent arteriole: The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| the glomerulus.
|
37. afferent arteriole: The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| glomerulus.
38. podocytes: These cells form a porous membrane surrounding the endothelial | | | | | | | | |
| cells of the glomerulus.
| | |
39. visceral layer of renal corpuscle: -podocytes | | | | |
-inner most layer | |
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17
