PATHO 370 Final Questions And Answers.

PATHO 370 Final Questions And
Answers.
Signs and symptoms of ureteral (kidney) stones - (correct answer) -flank pain, sweating,
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nausea, vomiting, and hematuria
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What is the common composition of renal calculi? - (correct answer) -calcium crystals
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polycystic kidney disease - (correct answer) -condition in which the kidney contains many
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cysts and is enlarged; the cysts will alter kidney function
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glomerulonephritis - (correct answer) -inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; immune jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



complex reaction resulting in alterations in the glomerular capillary structure and function;
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mediated by IgE
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Major sign/symptom of renal cancer - (correct answer) -hematuria
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What forms renal calculi in patients with gouty arthritis? - (correct answer) -uric acid
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Acute pyelonephritis - (correct answer) -infection of the renal pelvis usually from an
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ascending UTI; inflammation that does not result in scarring or fibrosis
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What is the common bacteria that causes a UTI? - (correct answer) -E. coli
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Chronic Pyelonephritis - (correct answer) -infection of the renal pelvis that has scarring and
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fibrosis and can result in chronic kidney disease; associated with reflux or processes that
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lead to urine stasis
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clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis - (correct answer) -CVA tenderness, fever,
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chills, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
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clinical manifestations of chronic pyelonephritis - (correct answer) -abdominal or flank
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pain, fever, malaise, anorexia
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what are the three phases of tubular necrosis? - (correct answer) -prodromal phase,
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oliguric phase, post oliguric phase
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clinical presentation of the prodromal phase? - (correct answer) -normal or declining urine
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output & BUN creatinine begin to rise,
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clinical presentation of the oliguric phase? - (correct answer) -oliguria, decreased GFR,
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hypervolemia (dialysis may be required)
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,clinical presentation of the postoliguric phase? - (correct answer) -postoliguric phase
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represents renal recovery; urine volume begins to increase and tubular function begins to
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improve fluid volume deficit until kidneys recover
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renal osteodystrophy in end-stage renal disease - (correct answer) -elevated phosphorus
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and PTH causes alterations in the bone and mineral metabolism; kidneys are unable to
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reabsorb the calcium and the bones will begin to break down
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anemia in end-stage renal disease - (correct answer) -kidneys produce erythropoietin,
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which is needed to make RBC; a lack of erythropoietin will decrease the RBC count
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What are some common causes of CKD? - (correct answer) -diabetes and hypertension
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What is the cause for acute tubular necrosis? - (correct answer) -ischemia leads to acute
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tubular necrosis
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What are some secondary conditions associated with end-stage chronic renal disease -
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(correct answer) -anemia, malnutrition, bone and mineral disorders, electrolyte
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imbalances, metabolic acidosis, uremic syndrome, hypertension, and cardiovascular
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disease
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what is the most frequent and initial symptom of bladder cancer? - (correct answer) -
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hematuria

What can vesicoureteral reflux lead to? - (correct answer) -recurrent cystitis
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Who is more prone to UTIs? - (correct answer) -sexually active women
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ureterocele - (correct answer) -cystic dilation of the distal end of the ureter jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




stress urinary incontinence - (correct answer) -urine is involuntarily lost with increases in
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intraabdominal pressure; occurs due to a weakening of the pelvic muscles
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what are some common causes of stress urinary incontinence? - (correct answer) -obesity,
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childbirth related trauma, pelvic surgery, diabetes
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Urgency Urinary Incontinence - (correct answer) -involuntary sudden leakage of urine
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along with immediately feeling the need to urinate again; caused by a weakening of the
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detrusor muscle
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Cystitis - (correct answer) -inflammation of the bladder lining
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What are the causes of cystitis? - (correct answer) -caused by infection, chemical irritants,
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stones, or trauma
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, What is chryptorchidism a risk factor for? - (correct answer) -testicular cancer
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chryptorchidism - (correct answer) -failure of the testicles to descend into the scrotum jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




testicular torsion - (correct answer) -twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased
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blood flow to the testis and can lead to ischemia making the patient at risk for necrosis
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what are the clinical manifestations of testicular torsion? - (correct answer) -severe sudden
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pain on the testis, swelling of the scrotum, nausea and vomiting
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signs and symptoms of prostatic enlargement (BPH) - (correct answer) -Prostate tissue
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increases and can compress the urethra and bladder outlet causing urinary retention,
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obstruction to flow, decreased stream, hesitancy or difficulty initiating stream, interruption
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of stream, and infection caused by retention
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amenorrhea - (correct answer) -absence of menstruation jl jl jl jl jl jl




metrorhagia - (correct answer) -bleeding between periods jl jl jl jl jl jl




hypomenorrhea - (correct answer) -deficient amount of menstrual flow jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




oligomenorrhea - (correct answer) -infrequent menstruation jl jl jl jl jl




polymenorrhea - (correct answer) -increased frequency of menstruation jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




menorrhagia - (correct answer) -increased amount and duration of flow jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




dysfunctional uterine bleeding - (correct answer) -Abnormal endometrial bleeding not jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



associated with tumor, inflammation, pregnancy, trauma, or hormonal effects
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dysmenorrhea - (correct answer) -painful menstruation jl jl jl jl jl




pregnancy induced hypertension - (correct answer) -characterized by high blood pressure
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and edema along with protein in the urine
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hyperemesis gravidarum - (correct answer) -severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



that can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus
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placenta previa - (correct answer) -placenta implanted abnormally over the internal
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cervical opening
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abruptio placentae - (correct answer) -premature separation of the placenta from the
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uterine wall
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spontaneous abortion - (correct answer) -when the fetus and placenta deliver before the jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



28th week of pregnancy; commonly called a miscarriage
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