PBDS Study Guide Exam Questions &
Answers 2024/2025
CVA nursing diagnosis - ANSWERSinadequate tissue perfusion
CVA Signs and Symptoms & RF - ANSWERSmuscle weakness, facial drooping, slurred speech, vision
changes, HA, arm numbness
RF: HTN, previous TIA, oral contraceptive, alcohol, smoking, diabetes, older age, heart condition
Nursing interventions for CVA - ANSWERSStat vitals and neuro assessment, call rapid response, monitor
BP, administer BP meds, anticipate coagulation therapy, give o2 if needed, place in semi flowers
assess: memory, mobility, language/speech, ability to swallow, pupils, neuro checks every hour
CVA orders to anticipate and interdisciplinary care - ANSWERSCBC, electrolytes, INR/PT/PTT, TPA, CT,
MRI, Doppler flow
rehab: occupational therapy, PT, social work
acute renal failure (ARF) nursing diagnosis - ANSWERSrisk for decreased CO
ARF signs and symptoms - ANSWERShematuria, hyperkalemia/magnesemia, increased serum uric acid,
low GFR, high SG, decreased UO, fluid retention, SOB, confusion, back pain, edema
Causes: illness, trauma, medications, HF
ARF Nursing interventions - ANSWERShx- current meds, infection, assess pain
, maintain aseptic technique, monitor cardiac function and assess for HTN, assess electrolytes, low protein
diet with carbs, low potassium
ARF Orders - ANSWERScardiac monitor, urinalysis, urine electrolytes/osmolality, creatinine/BUN,
magnesium/potassium, renal profile, angiogram, cystoscopy, bleeding time, renal scan, CT scan,kidney
ultrasound, daily weight, IV fluids
consult with infectious dx and nephrologist
Anticipate diuretics
ICP or intracranial bleed signs and symptoms - ANSWERSrestless, irritable, increased BP, confused,
lethargic, postural changes, HA, N/V, seizures
ICP nursing interventions - ANSWERSElevate HOB 35-45 deg
Neck in neutral pos.
Avoid flexion of hips
Avoid rigorous exercises- avoid increasing ICP
Restrict fluid intake
Avoid valsalva maneuvers
Foley
O2
Control body temp
mon ICP
mannitol
bed rest- quiet/calm environment
assess for behavioral changes, monitor respirations and BP, IV access, frequent vs/neuro checks, initiate
seizure precautions
Answers 2024/2025
CVA nursing diagnosis - ANSWERSinadequate tissue perfusion
CVA Signs and Symptoms & RF - ANSWERSmuscle weakness, facial drooping, slurred speech, vision
changes, HA, arm numbness
RF: HTN, previous TIA, oral contraceptive, alcohol, smoking, diabetes, older age, heart condition
Nursing interventions for CVA - ANSWERSStat vitals and neuro assessment, call rapid response, monitor
BP, administer BP meds, anticipate coagulation therapy, give o2 if needed, place in semi flowers
assess: memory, mobility, language/speech, ability to swallow, pupils, neuro checks every hour
CVA orders to anticipate and interdisciplinary care - ANSWERSCBC, electrolytes, INR/PT/PTT, TPA, CT,
MRI, Doppler flow
rehab: occupational therapy, PT, social work
acute renal failure (ARF) nursing diagnosis - ANSWERSrisk for decreased CO
ARF signs and symptoms - ANSWERShematuria, hyperkalemia/magnesemia, increased serum uric acid,
low GFR, high SG, decreased UO, fluid retention, SOB, confusion, back pain, edema
Causes: illness, trauma, medications, HF
ARF Nursing interventions - ANSWERShx- current meds, infection, assess pain
, maintain aseptic technique, monitor cardiac function and assess for HTN, assess electrolytes, low protein
diet with carbs, low potassium
ARF Orders - ANSWERScardiac monitor, urinalysis, urine electrolytes/osmolality, creatinine/BUN,
magnesium/potassium, renal profile, angiogram, cystoscopy, bleeding time, renal scan, CT scan,kidney
ultrasound, daily weight, IV fluids
consult with infectious dx and nephrologist
Anticipate diuretics
ICP or intracranial bleed signs and symptoms - ANSWERSrestless, irritable, increased BP, confused,
lethargic, postural changes, HA, N/V, seizures
ICP nursing interventions - ANSWERSElevate HOB 35-45 deg
Neck in neutral pos.
Avoid flexion of hips
Avoid rigorous exercises- avoid increasing ICP
Restrict fluid intake
Avoid valsalva maneuvers
Foley
O2
Control body temp
mon ICP
mannitol
bed rest- quiet/calm environment
assess for behavioral changes, monitor respirations and BP, IV access, frequent vs/neuro checks, initiate
seizure precautions
