PHARMACOLOGY EXAM III (NUR 2060)
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the major extracellular electrolyte? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅sodium
What are the signs/symptoms of hyponatremia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--muscle weakness
--decreased reflexes
--personality changes
--headache
--increased GI motility
--cardiovascular changes related to volume changes
What causes hyponatremia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--diuretic usage
--diarrhea
--heart failure
--liver disease
--renal disease
--syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
What are the signs/symptoms of hypernatremia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--muscle twitches
--skeletal muscle weakness
--irregular contractions
--agitation
--SZ
--stupor
--coma
--decreased contractility
--decreased urinary output
,What causes hypernatremia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--glucosuria (in diabetics where it'll cause
increased water loss)
--diuretics
--excessive sweating
--polydipsia (increased thirst)
What is the major intracellular electrolyte? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅potassium
What is the name of the oral form of potassium? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--potassium chloride
(Kochlor, Slow K)
How much K do you give per hour? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅10 mEq
How do you administer potassium? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅***SLOWLY***
What are signs/symptoms of hypokalemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--muscle weakness
--slow or weak cardiac conduction
--fatal or slow cardiac rhythm
--intestinal dilation
--ileus
What are signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--disrupted electrical activity
of the heart
--cardiac arrest
--may be post tachycardia or defibrillation
--anxiety
--weakness
--numbness
--tingling
,How do you treat hyperkalemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--Kayexalate, or
--infusion of glucose and insulin (which will promote uptake of K into the cells)
How does giving glucose and insulin treat hyperkalemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅promotes uptake
of K back into the cells
What are the oral calcium medications? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--calcium carbonate (Tums)
--calcium citrate (Citrate)
What is the IV calcium medication? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅sodium gluconate
What medication treats hypercalcemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅etidronate (Didronel)
What is the normal calcium level? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅8.7-10 mEq/dL
What are the oral magnesium medications? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--magnesium sulfate (MOM)
--osmotic diuretic (causing H2O into the bowel)
What is the IV magnesium medication? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅magnesium sulfate
What can IV magnesium treat? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--eclampsia
--SVT
--neuromuscular blockade (paralysis of respiratory muscles)
What are the causes of hypomagnesemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--neuromuscular excitability
--tetany
--CNS excitability (causing confusion, SZ, psychosis)
, What are the causes of hypermagnesemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--neuromuscular weakness
(especially respiratory muscles)
--occurs more often in renal failure patients
What is isotonic contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅sodium and water as lost in isotonic
proportions
What is hypertonic contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅loss of water exceeds loss of sodium
What is hypotonic contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅loss of sodium exceeds loss of water
What is the BP for Prehypertension - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅120-139/80-89
What is the BP for Stage I HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅140-159/90-99
What is the BP for Stage II HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅>160/>100
What are lifestyle changes to decrease BP? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--exercise 30 minutes per day
--maintain normal weight
--decrease salt intake
--increase K intake
--limit alcohol
--consume diet rich in fruits, veggies, low fat dairy products, decrease total and saturated fats
What is completely reabsorbed in the nephron? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅glucose
What is partially reabsorbed in the nephron? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅water and electrolytes
What is almost completely excreted in the nephron? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅urea
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the major extracellular electrolyte? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅sodium
What are the signs/symptoms of hyponatremia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--muscle weakness
--decreased reflexes
--personality changes
--headache
--increased GI motility
--cardiovascular changes related to volume changes
What causes hyponatremia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--diuretic usage
--diarrhea
--heart failure
--liver disease
--renal disease
--syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
What are the signs/symptoms of hypernatremia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--muscle twitches
--skeletal muscle weakness
--irregular contractions
--agitation
--SZ
--stupor
--coma
--decreased contractility
--decreased urinary output
,What causes hypernatremia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--glucosuria (in diabetics where it'll cause
increased water loss)
--diuretics
--excessive sweating
--polydipsia (increased thirst)
What is the major intracellular electrolyte? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅potassium
What is the name of the oral form of potassium? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--potassium chloride
(Kochlor, Slow K)
How much K do you give per hour? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅10 mEq
How do you administer potassium? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅***SLOWLY***
What are signs/symptoms of hypokalemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--muscle weakness
--slow or weak cardiac conduction
--fatal or slow cardiac rhythm
--intestinal dilation
--ileus
What are signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--disrupted electrical activity
of the heart
--cardiac arrest
--may be post tachycardia or defibrillation
--anxiety
--weakness
--numbness
--tingling
,How do you treat hyperkalemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--Kayexalate, or
--infusion of glucose and insulin (which will promote uptake of K into the cells)
How does giving glucose and insulin treat hyperkalemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅promotes uptake
of K back into the cells
What are the oral calcium medications? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--calcium carbonate (Tums)
--calcium citrate (Citrate)
What is the IV calcium medication? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅sodium gluconate
What medication treats hypercalcemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅etidronate (Didronel)
What is the normal calcium level? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅8.7-10 mEq/dL
What are the oral magnesium medications? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--magnesium sulfate (MOM)
--osmotic diuretic (causing H2O into the bowel)
What is the IV magnesium medication? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅magnesium sulfate
What can IV magnesium treat? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--eclampsia
--SVT
--neuromuscular blockade (paralysis of respiratory muscles)
What are the causes of hypomagnesemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--neuromuscular excitability
--tetany
--CNS excitability (causing confusion, SZ, psychosis)
, What are the causes of hypermagnesemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--neuromuscular weakness
(especially respiratory muscles)
--occurs more often in renal failure patients
What is isotonic contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅sodium and water as lost in isotonic
proportions
What is hypertonic contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅loss of water exceeds loss of sodium
What is hypotonic contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅loss of sodium exceeds loss of water
What is the BP for Prehypertension - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅120-139/80-89
What is the BP for Stage I HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅140-159/90-99
What is the BP for Stage II HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅>160/>100
What are lifestyle changes to decrease BP? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅--exercise 30 minutes per day
--maintain normal weight
--decrease salt intake
--increase K intake
--limit alcohol
--consume diet rich in fruits, veggies, low fat dairy products, decrease total and saturated fats
What is completely reabsorbed in the nephron? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅glucose
What is partially reabsorbed in the nephron? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅water and electrolytes
What is almost completely excreted in the nephron? - CORRECT ANSWER-✔✔✅urea
