HESI RN ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024-2025 ACTUAL
EXAM 160 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY
An ddinitial dddisturbance ddin dda ddsystem ddsets ddoff dda ddchain ddof ddevents ddthat dddoes
ddnot ddfavor ddstability ddand ddoften ddabruptly dddisplaces dda ddsystem ddfrom ddits
ddsteady ddstate: ddwhat ddis ddthat?
a. ddPositive ddFeedback
b. ddNegative ddFeedback
c. ddDisease
d. ddHomeostasis dd- ddANS-a. ddpositive ddfeedback
What ddorgan ddshrinks ddwith ddage?
a. ddProstate
b. ddGums
c. ddHeart
d. ddAll ddof ddthe ddabove dd- ddANS-b. ddgums
Which ddof ddthe ddfollowing ddis ddtrue?
a. ddAn ddinfant ddwill ddhave dda ddslower ddheart ddrate ddthan ddan ddadult
b. ddThe ddelderly ddhave ddbetter ddtemperature ddsensations
c. ddThere ddare ddmore ddsweat ddglands ddin ddan ddelderly ddperson
d. ddThere ddis ddless ddthirst ddperception ddin ddthe ddelderly dd- ddANS-d. ddthere ddis ddless
ddthirst ddperception ddin ddthe ddelderly
Which ddof ddthe ddfollowing ddis ddtrue?
a. ddWomen ddsnore ddmore ddthan ddmen
b. ddMen ddhave ddhigher ddcalcium ddlevels
c. ddWomen ddhave dda ddlower ddhemoglobin ddthan ddmen
d. ddMen ddhave dda ddlower ddcreatinine ddlevel ddthan ddwomen dd- ddANS-c. ddWomen
ddhave dda ddlower ddhemoglobin ddthan ddmen
,An ddincrease ddin ddnormal ddadaptive ddresponse ddto ddthe dddecreased ddavailability ddof
ddoxygen ddat ddhigh ddaltitude ddis ddtermed ddwhich?
a. ddCircadian
b. ddAcclimatization
c. ddPopulation
d. ddDiurnal dd- ddANS-b. ddAcclimatization
What dddoes ddit ddmean ddwhen ddthe ddcause ddof ddthe dddisease ddis ddunwanted
ddmedical ddtreatment?
a. ddIdiopathic
b. ddEcogenetic
c. ddGenotypical
d. ddIatrogenic dd- ddANS-d. ddIatrogenic
Which ddterm ddis ddused ddfor ddthe ddfirst ddtwo ddmonths ddof ddlife?
a. ddInfancy
b. ddChildhood
c. ddPrenatal
d. ddNeonatal dd- ddANS-d. ddNeonatal
Which ddis ddan ddobjectively ddidentifiable ddaberration ddof ddthe dddisease?
a. ddSymptom
b. ddSyndrome
c. ddStage
d. ddSign dd- ddANS-d. ddSign
Which ddof ddthe ddfollowing ddis ddtrue ddregarding ddcatecholamines?
a. ddThey ddare ddfrom ddthe ddparasympathetic ddnervous ddsystem
b. ddThey ddcross ddthe ddblood ddbrain ddbarrier
c. ddThey ddinclude ddepinephrine ddand ddnorepinephrine
d. ddThey ddcause ddof dddecrease ddin ddheart ddrate dd- ddANS-c. ddThey ddinclude
ddepinephrine ddand ddnorepinephrine
Which ddof ddthe ddfollowing ddis dda ddtrue ddstatement?
a. ddAntidiuretic ddhormone ddis ddnot ddimportant ddfor ddblood ddvolume ddregulation
b. ddEndorphins ddincrease ddwith ddstress, ddresulting ddin dda dddecrease ddin ddpain
ddperception
c. ddEpinephrine ddand ddcortisol ddact ddvery dddifferently
d. ddCortisol ddnegates ddepinephrine's ddactivity dd- ddANS-b. ddEndorphins ddincrease
ddwith ddstress, ddresulting ddin dda dddecrease ddin ddpain ddperception
By ddwhat ddmechanism dddo ddlipid ddmolecules ddcross ddcell ddmembranes?
a. ddThey dduse ddchannel ddproteins ddas dda ddmembrane ddtransport ddsystem
b. ddThey ddare ddtransported ddacross ddthe ddplasma ddmembrane ddby ddendocytosis
ddand ddexocytosis
c. ddThey dduse ddvoltage-gated ddion ddchannels
, d. ddThey ddcross ddby dddiffusion dd- ddANS-d. ddThey ddcross ddby dddiffusion
Which ddof ddthe ddfollowing ddmetabolic ddprocesses ddis dda ddcomponent ddof ddanabolic
ddmetabolism?
a. ddProtein ddsynthesis
b. ddGlycolysis
c. ddCitric ddacid ddcycle
d. ddOxidative ddphosphorylation dd- ddANS-a. ddProtein ddsynthesis
Which ddof ddthe ddfollowing ddelectrochemical ddmechanism ddis ddresponsible ddfor
ddmaintaining ddcell ddvolume?
a. ddThe ddcalcium ddpump
b. ddGlucose ddtransporters
c. ddThe ddsodium-potassium ddpump
d. ddATP-binding ddcassette dd(ABC) ddtransporters dd- ddANS-c. ddThe ddsodium-potassium
ddpump
Cellular ddhypoxia ddresults ddin:
a. ddEnhanced ddATP ddactivity
b. ddLoss ddof ddintracellular ddcalcium
c. ddIncreased ddpH
d. ddFailure ddof ddthe ddsodium-potassium ddpump dd- ddANS-d. ddFailure ddof ddthe
ddsodium-potassium ddpump
A dd75 ddyo ddwoman dddevelops ddweakness ddin ddher ddlower ddextremities ddafter dda
ddprolonged ddperiod ddof ddbed ddrest. ddThis ddis ddmost ddlikely ddcaused ddby:
a. ddAtrophy ddof ddher ddleg ddmuscles
b. ddDysplasia ddof ddher ddleg ddmuscles
c. ddHypertrophy ddof ddher ddleg ddmuscles
d. ddHyperplasia ddof ddher ddleg ddmuscles dd- ddANS-a. ddAtrophy ddof ddher ddleg ddmuscles
Which ddof ddthe ddfollowing ddtypes ddof ddcellular ddadaption ddis ddmost ddlikely ddto ddoccur
ddfrom ddchronic ddischemia?
a. ddHypertrophy
b. ddMetaplasia
c. ddAtrophy
d. ddHyperplasia dd- ddANS-c. ddAtrophy
What ddis ddthe ddmechanism ddof ddcellular ddinjury ddthat ddoccurs ddwhen dddeep ddsea
dddivers ddget dd'the ddbends'?
a. ddFree ddradicals ddform ddabnormal ddchemical ddbonds ddwhich dddestroy ddthe ddcellular
ddmembranes
b. ddCarbon ddmonoxide ddbinds ddtightly ddto ddhemoglobin, ddpreventing ddthe ddRBCs
ddfrom ddcarrying ddO2
c. ddIntracellular ddcalcium ddaccumlation ddcreate ddmuscle ddtetany
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024-2025 ACTUAL
EXAM 160 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY
An ddinitial dddisturbance ddin dda ddsystem ddsets ddoff dda ddchain ddof ddevents ddthat dddoes
ddnot ddfavor ddstability ddand ddoften ddabruptly dddisplaces dda ddsystem ddfrom ddits
ddsteady ddstate: ddwhat ddis ddthat?
a. ddPositive ddFeedback
b. ddNegative ddFeedback
c. ddDisease
d. ddHomeostasis dd- ddANS-a. ddpositive ddfeedback
What ddorgan ddshrinks ddwith ddage?
a. ddProstate
b. ddGums
c. ddHeart
d. ddAll ddof ddthe ddabove dd- ddANS-b. ddgums
Which ddof ddthe ddfollowing ddis ddtrue?
a. ddAn ddinfant ddwill ddhave dda ddslower ddheart ddrate ddthan ddan ddadult
b. ddThe ddelderly ddhave ddbetter ddtemperature ddsensations
c. ddThere ddare ddmore ddsweat ddglands ddin ddan ddelderly ddperson
d. ddThere ddis ddless ddthirst ddperception ddin ddthe ddelderly dd- ddANS-d. ddthere ddis ddless
ddthirst ddperception ddin ddthe ddelderly
Which ddof ddthe ddfollowing ddis ddtrue?
a. ddWomen ddsnore ddmore ddthan ddmen
b. ddMen ddhave ddhigher ddcalcium ddlevels
c. ddWomen ddhave dda ddlower ddhemoglobin ddthan ddmen
d. ddMen ddhave dda ddlower ddcreatinine ddlevel ddthan ddwomen dd- ddANS-c. ddWomen
ddhave dda ddlower ddhemoglobin ddthan ddmen
,An ddincrease ddin ddnormal ddadaptive ddresponse ddto ddthe dddecreased ddavailability ddof
ddoxygen ddat ddhigh ddaltitude ddis ddtermed ddwhich?
a. ddCircadian
b. ddAcclimatization
c. ddPopulation
d. ddDiurnal dd- ddANS-b. ddAcclimatization
What dddoes ddit ddmean ddwhen ddthe ddcause ddof ddthe dddisease ddis ddunwanted
ddmedical ddtreatment?
a. ddIdiopathic
b. ddEcogenetic
c. ddGenotypical
d. ddIatrogenic dd- ddANS-d. ddIatrogenic
Which ddterm ddis ddused ddfor ddthe ddfirst ddtwo ddmonths ddof ddlife?
a. ddInfancy
b. ddChildhood
c. ddPrenatal
d. ddNeonatal dd- ddANS-d. ddNeonatal
Which ddis ddan ddobjectively ddidentifiable ddaberration ddof ddthe dddisease?
a. ddSymptom
b. ddSyndrome
c. ddStage
d. ddSign dd- ddANS-d. ddSign
Which ddof ddthe ddfollowing ddis ddtrue ddregarding ddcatecholamines?
a. ddThey ddare ddfrom ddthe ddparasympathetic ddnervous ddsystem
b. ddThey ddcross ddthe ddblood ddbrain ddbarrier
c. ddThey ddinclude ddepinephrine ddand ddnorepinephrine
d. ddThey ddcause ddof dddecrease ddin ddheart ddrate dd- ddANS-c. ddThey ddinclude
ddepinephrine ddand ddnorepinephrine
Which ddof ddthe ddfollowing ddis dda ddtrue ddstatement?
a. ddAntidiuretic ddhormone ddis ddnot ddimportant ddfor ddblood ddvolume ddregulation
b. ddEndorphins ddincrease ddwith ddstress, ddresulting ddin dda dddecrease ddin ddpain
ddperception
c. ddEpinephrine ddand ddcortisol ddact ddvery dddifferently
d. ddCortisol ddnegates ddepinephrine's ddactivity dd- ddANS-b. ddEndorphins ddincrease
ddwith ddstress, ddresulting ddin dda dddecrease ddin ddpain ddperception
By ddwhat ddmechanism dddo ddlipid ddmolecules ddcross ddcell ddmembranes?
a. ddThey dduse ddchannel ddproteins ddas dda ddmembrane ddtransport ddsystem
b. ddThey ddare ddtransported ddacross ddthe ddplasma ddmembrane ddby ddendocytosis
ddand ddexocytosis
c. ddThey dduse ddvoltage-gated ddion ddchannels
, d. ddThey ddcross ddby dddiffusion dd- ddANS-d. ddThey ddcross ddby dddiffusion
Which ddof ddthe ddfollowing ddmetabolic ddprocesses ddis dda ddcomponent ddof ddanabolic
ddmetabolism?
a. ddProtein ddsynthesis
b. ddGlycolysis
c. ddCitric ddacid ddcycle
d. ddOxidative ddphosphorylation dd- ddANS-a. ddProtein ddsynthesis
Which ddof ddthe ddfollowing ddelectrochemical ddmechanism ddis ddresponsible ddfor
ddmaintaining ddcell ddvolume?
a. ddThe ddcalcium ddpump
b. ddGlucose ddtransporters
c. ddThe ddsodium-potassium ddpump
d. ddATP-binding ddcassette dd(ABC) ddtransporters dd- ddANS-c. ddThe ddsodium-potassium
ddpump
Cellular ddhypoxia ddresults ddin:
a. ddEnhanced ddATP ddactivity
b. ddLoss ddof ddintracellular ddcalcium
c. ddIncreased ddpH
d. ddFailure ddof ddthe ddsodium-potassium ddpump dd- ddANS-d. ddFailure ddof ddthe
ddsodium-potassium ddpump
A dd75 ddyo ddwoman dddevelops ddweakness ddin ddher ddlower ddextremities ddafter dda
ddprolonged ddperiod ddof ddbed ddrest. ddThis ddis ddmost ddlikely ddcaused ddby:
a. ddAtrophy ddof ddher ddleg ddmuscles
b. ddDysplasia ddof ddher ddleg ddmuscles
c. ddHypertrophy ddof ddher ddleg ddmuscles
d. ddHyperplasia ddof ddher ddleg ddmuscles dd- ddANS-a. ddAtrophy ddof ddher ddleg ddmuscles
Which ddof ddthe ddfollowing ddtypes ddof ddcellular ddadaption ddis ddmost ddlikely ddto ddoccur
ddfrom ddchronic ddischemia?
a. ddHypertrophy
b. ddMetaplasia
c. ddAtrophy
d. ddHyperplasia dd- ddANS-c. ddAtrophy
What ddis ddthe ddmechanism ddof ddcellular ddinjury ddthat ddoccurs ddwhen dddeep ddsea
dddivers ddget dd'the ddbends'?
a. ddFree ddradicals ddform ddabnormal ddchemical ddbonds ddwhich dddestroy ddthe ddcellular
ddmembranes
b. ddCarbon ddmonoxide ddbinds ddtightly ddto ddhemoglobin, ddpreventing ddthe ddRBCs
ddfrom ddcarrying ddO2
c. ddIntracellular ddcalcium ddaccumlation ddcreate ddmuscle ddtetany
