Theorie Photo Studio
Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdtuk 1: licht ........................................................................................................................... 1
Kelvin ..............................................................................................................................................1
Candela, Lux en Lumen ....................................................................................................................1
Natuurlijk licht: hard vs zacht licht ....................................................................................................2
Hard licht ....................................................................................................................................2
Zacht licht ...................................................................................................................................2
Hoofdstuk 2: Exposure .................................................................................................................. 3
Eenheid voor fotografen ...................................................................................................................3
Lichtmeter.......................................................................................................................................3
Drie lichtvariabelen ..........................................................................................................................3
1.Aperture of diafragma ...............................................................................................................3
2.Shutter Speed aka Sluitertijd of belichtingstijd ............................................................................5
3.ISO ..........................................................................................................................................6
Oefeningen: drie lichtvariabelen ...................................................................................................7
Conclusie ...................................................................................................................................8
Camera modes ................................................................................................................................8
Het histogram ..................................................................................................................................9
Waar vind je het histogram ...........................................................................................................9
Wat is het histogram ....................................................................................................................9
Histogram lezen ............................................................................................................................. 10
Lichtmeting van je camera ......................................................................................................... 11
Foto’s met veel zwart ................................................................................................................. 11
Foto met veel wit ....................................................................................................................... 11
Exposure Compensation/belichtingscompensatie ....................................................................... 11
Hoofdstuk 3: kleurentheorie.........................................................................................................13
Kleur ............................................................................................................................................. 13
Kleuren nabootsen ......................................................................................................................... 13
Primaire en secundaire kleuren....................................................................................................... 14
De drie kleursystemen.................................................................................................................... 14
a)Subtractieve kleursysteem (CMY) ............................................................................................ 14
b)Additief kleursysteem (RGB) .................................................................................................... 15
c)Traditionele schilderkunst kleursysteem (RYB) .......................................................................... 15
Complementaire kleuren ................................................................................................................ 15
Color contrast/kleurencontrast ....................................................................................................... 16
Kleurwiel ................................................................................................................................... 16
High color contrast-hoog kleurencontrast ................................................................................... 16
Laag kleurencontrast ................................................................................................................. 16
Crafted kleurencontrast ............................................................................................................. 17
Hoofdstuk 4: compositie ..............................................................................................................18
, Rechte horizonlijn .......................................................................................................................... 18
Bewegende objecten ..................................................................................................................... 18
Rule of thirds/regel van derden ....................................................................................................... 18
Leading lines ................................................................................................................................. 18
Using frames ................................................................................................................................. 19
Interesse op de voorgrond/ foreground interest ................................................................................ 19
Patronen en herhaling .................................................................................................................... 19
Fill the frame-simplification ............................................................................................................ 19
Orientatie aka image flow ............................................................................................................... 19
Balans .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Kleurschema’s ............................................................................................................................... 20
Complementaire keuren ............................................................................................................ 20
Spot kleur ................................................................................................................................. 20
Depth of field/ scherptediepte ........................................................................................................ 20
Centrum en symmetrie .................................................................................................................. 20
Driehoeken.................................................................................................................................... 21
Rule of odds/ regel van kansen ....................................................................................................... 21
Negative space/negatieve ruimte .................................................................................................... 21
Compositie psychologie ................................................................................................................. 21
1. Symmetrie ........................................................................................................................ 21
2. Mood in color/kleurstemming ............................................................................................ 22
3. Vormen............................................................................................................................. 22
Hoofdstuk 5: Rembrandt lighting ..................................................................................................23
Rembradt harmenszoon van Rijn .................................................................................................... 23
Rembrandt lighting techniek bij portretfotografie .............................................................................. 23
Vijf key light positions ..................................................................................................................... 24
Hoofdstuk 6: driepuntsbelichting .................................................................................................25
1. Key light aka hoofdlicht .......................................................................................................... 25
2. Fill light aka invullicht ............................................................................................................. 26
3. Back light aka hair light aka rim light aka achterlicht ................................................................. 26
Hoofdstuk 7: focus ......................................................................................................................27
Focus instelllingen: AF/MF.............................................................................................................. 27
1. Focus mode instellen ........................................................................................................ 27
2. Transition speed ................................................................................................................ 27
3. AF Shift sensitivity ............................................................................................................. 27
4. AF Assist ........................................................................................................................... 28
Focus instelllingen: Focus Area ...................................................................................................... 28
1. Focus Area’s instellen (!!) ................................................................................................... 28
2. Focus Area Limit ............................................................................................................... 28
3. Focus Area Color ............................................................................................................... 29
4. Circular of Focus Point ...................................................................................................... 29
5. AF Frame Move Amount ..................................................................................................... 29
, Focus instelllingen: Face/Eye AF ..................................................................................................... 29
1. Face/Eye Priority in AF ....................................................................................................... 29
2. Face/Eye Subject .............................................................................................................. 29
3. Right/left Eye select ........................................................................................................... 29
4. Face/Eye Frame Display .................................................................................................... 29
5. Registered Faces Priority ................................................................................................... 29
Focus instelllingen: Focus Assistant ............................................................................................... 30
1. Focus Map ........................................................................................................................ 30
2. Focus Magnifier ................................................................................................................. 30
3. Focus Magnifier Time ......................................................................................................... 30
4. Initial Focus magnifier ....................................................................................................... 30
Focus instelllingen: Peaking Display ................................................................................................ 31
1. Peaking display ................................................................................................................. 31
2. Peaking level ..................................................................................................................... 31
3. Peaking color .................................................................................................................... 31
Hoofdstuk 8: witbalans ................................................................................................................32
Witbalans ...................................................................................................................................... 32
Werking witbalans ......................................................................................................................... 32
Fouten-kleurzweem ....................................................................................................................... 33
Hoe stel je de witbalans in .............................................................................................................. 34
Voorinstellingen witbalans ......................................................................................................... 34
Creatief met de witbalans............................................................................................................... 35
Kelvin ........................................................................................................................................ 35
Calibrite Colorchecker Passport Photo 2 ......................................................................................... 36
Werking .................................................................................................................................... 36
Hoofdstuk 9: thethering ...............................................................................................................38
Hoe thetheren ............................................................................................................................... 38
1. Camera instellingen .......................................................................................................... 38
2. Verbinding laptop-camera ................................................................................................. 38
3. Imaging Edge Desktop ....................................................................................................... 38
Vlotte selectie van foto’s ................................................................................................................. 39
Voordelen thethered fotografie ....................................................................................................... 39
Hoofdstuk 10: RAW vs JPG ............................................................................................................40
Keuze bestandstype ....................................................................................................................... 40
RAW .............................................................................................................................................. 40
RAW als verzamelnaam ............................................................................................................. 40
Voordeel RAW ........................................................................................................................... 40
Nadeel RAW .............................................................................................................................. 41
JPEG ............................................................................................................................................. 41
Voordelen JPEG ......................................................................................................................... 41
Nadelen JPEG ............................................................................................................................ 42
Camera-instellingen JPEG .......................................................................................................... 42
Conclusie...................................................................................................................................... 43
Hoofdstuk 11: onderdelen fototoestel ..........................................................................................44
Smartphone versus systeemcamera ............................................................................................... 44
, Sony A7 mark iv ............................................................................................................................. 44
Onderdelen vooraanzicht ............................................................................................................... 46
Onderdelen achteraanzicht ............................................................................................................ 46
Onderdelen bovenkant ................................................................................................................... 47
Onderdelen zijkant ......................................................................................................................... 48
Onderdelen onderkant ................................................................................................................... 48
Hoofdstuk 12: lenzen ...................................................................................................................49
Brandpuntafstand/ focal lenght ...................................................................................................... 49
Brandpuntafstand en beeldhoek ..................................................................................................... 50
Indeling brandpuntafstanden ..................................................................................................... 50
Op je lens .................................................................................................................................. 50
Helderheid/lichtsterkte van je lens .................................................................................................. 51
Op je lens .................................................................................................................................. 51
Soorten lenzen .............................................................................................................................. 51
a) Zoomlenzen .......................................................................................................................... 52
-Superzoom objectief/ hyperzoom lens ....................................................................................... 52
b) Prime lenzen ......................................................................................................................... 53
Groothoeklenzen ........................................................................................................................... 53
Macrolenzen ................................................................................................................................. 54
Telelenzen ..................................................................................................................................... 54
Fisheye lenzen ............................................................................................................................... 56
Tilt shift lenzen............................................................................................................................... 57
Hoofdstuk 13: externe lichtmeter .................................................................................................58
Sekonic L-478D LiteMaster Pro ....................................................................................................... 58
Camerameters meten licht soms fout ............................................................................................. 58
Belichting op de camera bekijken ............................................................................................... 59
Aanpassing zodat camera het licht juist meet .................................................................................. 60
Instructie lichtmeter ...................................................................................................................... 60
Hoofdstuk 14: reportageflitser .....................................................................................................63
Kunstmatig flitslicht gebruiken ........................................................................................................ 63
Godox Speedlight V1 ...................................................................................................................... 63
On-Camera Flash .......................................................................................................................... 64
TTL-Mode en Manual Mode ............................................................................................................. 64
(E)TTL........................................................................................................................................ 64
Manual ..................................................................................................................................... 65
Off-Camera Flash met Transmitter .................................................................................................. 65
Hoofdstuk 15: studioflitser ...........................................................................................................67
Wat is een studioflitser ................................................................................................................... 67
Werking v.e. studioflitser................................................................................................................. 67
, Gadox AD600 Pro ........................................................................................................................... 68
Hoofdstuk 16: Lichtstatieven ........................................................................................................70
Wat is het ...................................................................................................................................... 70
Draagvermogen ............................................................................................................................. 70
Maximale werkhoogte .................................................................................................................... 70
Bevestigen van lamp of flitser ......................................................................................................... 70
Manfrotto 1004BAC 3-pack ............................................................................................................. 71
Hoofdstuk 17: light modifiers .......................................................................................................72
Natuurlijk licht manipuleren ........................................................................................................... 72
Probleemstelling: te hard licht .................................................................................................... 72
Oplossingsmogelijkheid 1: het reflectiescherm ........................................................................... 72
Reflectiescherm aka sunbounce ................................................................................................ 73
Oplossingsmogelijkheid 2: het diffuus scherm aka scrim ............................................................. 73
Diffuus scherm aka scrim .......................................................................................................... 74
Oplossingsmogelijkheid 3: creativiteit ......................................................................................... 74
Negative fill ................................................................................................................................... 74
Softbox ......................................................................................................................................... 75
Hoofdstuk 18: geschiedenis van de fotografie ...............................................................................77
1. 1826 ..................................................................................................................................... 77
1.1 Joseph Nicéphore Niépce .................................................................................................. 77
1.2 Camera Obscura ............................................................................................................... 78
2. 1839: daguerreotypie ............................................................................................................. 79
3. 1841: Calotypie ..................................................................................................................... 81
4. 1847: albuminedruk............................................................................................................... 81
5. 1850: collodiumprocedé ........................................................................................................ 84
6. 1861: opkomst van kleurenfotografie met James Clerck Maxwell .............................................. 84
7. 1871: zilvergelatinedruk ......................................................................................................... 85
8. 1888: eerst camera voor publiek ............................................................................................. 86
9. 1907: patent op autochroomproces ........................................................................................ 86
Patent op autochroomproces ..................................................................................................... 86
10. 1935: introductie Kodachrome ........................................................................................... 87
11. 1948: introductie instant camera van Polaroid ..................................................................... 88
12. 1981: introductie eerste digitale camera ............................................................................. 88
13. 1988: introductie JPEG ....................................................................................................... 89
14. 1990: introductie Photoshop-programma ........................................................................... 89
15. 2000: eerste telefoon met ingebouwde camera ................................................................... 90
16. 2004: Adobe brengt eerste RAW-formaat uit ........................................................................ 90
17. 2013: Sony introduceert Eye AF-modus .............................................................................. 91
, Hoofdtuk 1: licht
= elektromagnetische straling dat binnen het
frequentiebereik ligt en dus waarneembaar is met het oog.
Rood heeft een lagere frequentie dan blauw.
Niet zichtbare infrarood (te lage frequentie om te zien) mag je
niet infraroodlicht noemen. Hetzelfde geldt voor ultraviolet (te hoge frequentie om te
zien).
Kelvin
= eenheid kleurtemperatuur licht aka de perceptie van de warmte v.h. licht
Hoe hoger het aantal kelvin, hoe kouder het licht. Kouder gaat meer naar wit/blauw licht.
Hoe lager het aantal kelvin, hoe warmer het licht. Warmer gaat meer naar geler licht.
=>Neutraal licht is 5000/6000.
=>Veel wolken: blauwe kleur &
hogere kelvin
=> Zonlicht: veel schakeringen: wij
moeten op fototoestel instellen
hoe zon is op dat moment.
Zie ook witbalans later in de samenvatting.
Candela, Lux en Lumen
= licht intensiteit wordt de lichtsterkte genoemd, met eenheid candela afkort cd
• Minimale lichtsterkte voor kleurwaarneming is +/- 3cd/m2
• Aarde ontvangt van de zon 2 000 miljoen cd/m2 en van de volle maan ong 2500
cd/m2
Lux en lumen
= beiden natuurkundige eenheden die lichtintensiteit aangeven.
Lumen: eenheid voor lichtstroom
Lichtstroom: totale hoeveelheid licht dat een lichtbron uitstraalt
Lux: de hoeveelheid licht op een bepaald oppervlak
1Lux = 1 lumen/m2
1
Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdtuk 1: licht ........................................................................................................................... 1
Kelvin ..............................................................................................................................................1
Candela, Lux en Lumen ....................................................................................................................1
Natuurlijk licht: hard vs zacht licht ....................................................................................................2
Hard licht ....................................................................................................................................2
Zacht licht ...................................................................................................................................2
Hoofdstuk 2: Exposure .................................................................................................................. 3
Eenheid voor fotografen ...................................................................................................................3
Lichtmeter.......................................................................................................................................3
Drie lichtvariabelen ..........................................................................................................................3
1.Aperture of diafragma ...............................................................................................................3
2.Shutter Speed aka Sluitertijd of belichtingstijd ............................................................................5
3.ISO ..........................................................................................................................................6
Oefeningen: drie lichtvariabelen ...................................................................................................7
Conclusie ...................................................................................................................................8
Camera modes ................................................................................................................................8
Het histogram ..................................................................................................................................9
Waar vind je het histogram ...........................................................................................................9
Wat is het histogram ....................................................................................................................9
Histogram lezen ............................................................................................................................. 10
Lichtmeting van je camera ......................................................................................................... 11
Foto’s met veel zwart ................................................................................................................. 11
Foto met veel wit ....................................................................................................................... 11
Exposure Compensation/belichtingscompensatie ....................................................................... 11
Hoofdstuk 3: kleurentheorie.........................................................................................................13
Kleur ............................................................................................................................................. 13
Kleuren nabootsen ......................................................................................................................... 13
Primaire en secundaire kleuren....................................................................................................... 14
De drie kleursystemen.................................................................................................................... 14
a)Subtractieve kleursysteem (CMY) ............................................................................................ 14
b)Additief kleursysteem (RGB) .................................................................................................... 15
c)Traditionele schilderkunst kleursysteem (RYB) .......................................................................... 15
Complementaire kleuren ................................................................................................................ 15
Color contrast/kleurencontrast ....................................................................................................... 16
Kleurwiel ................................................................................................................................... 16
High color contrast-hoog kleurencontrast ................................................................................... 16
Laag kleurencontrast ................................................................................................................. 16
Crafted kleurencontrast ............................................................................................................. 17
Hoofdstuk 4: compositie ..............................................................................................................18
, Rechte horizonlijn .......................................................................................................................... 18
Bewegende objecten ..................................................................................................................... 18
Rule of thirds/regel van derden ....................................................................................................... 18
Leading lines ................................................................................................................................. 18
Using frames ................................................................................................................................. 19
Interesse op de voorgrond/ foreground interest ................................................................................ 19
Patronen en herhaling .................................................................................................................... 19
Fill the frame-simplification ............................................................................................................ 19
Orientatie aka image flow ............................................................................................................... 19
Balans .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Kleurschema’s ............................................................................................................................... 20
Complementaire keuren ............................................................................................................ 20
Spot kleur ................................................................................................................................. 20
Depth of field/ scherptediepte ........................................................................................................ 20
Centrum en symmetrie .................................................................................................................. 20
Driehoeken.................................................................................................................................... 21
Rule of odds/ regel van kansen ....................................................................................................... 21
Negative space/negatieve ruimte .................................................................................................... 21
Compositie psychologie ................................................................................................................. 21
1. Symmetrie ........................................................................................................................ 21
2. Mood in color/kleurstemming ............................................................................................ 22
3. Vormen............................................................................................................................. 22
Hoofdstuk 5: Rembrandt lighting ..................................................................................................23
Rembradt harmenszoon van Rijn .................................................................................................... 23
Rembrandt lighting techniek bij portretfotografie .............................................................................. 23
Vijf key light positions ..................................................................................................................... 24
Hoofdstuk 6: driepuntsbelichting .................................................................................................25
1. Key light aka hoofdlicht .......................................................................................................... 25
2. Fill light aka invullicht ............................................................................................................. 26
3. Back light aka hair light aka rim light aka achterlicht ................................................................. 26
Hoofdstuk 7: focus ......................................................................................................................27
Focus instelllingen: AF/MF.............................................................................................................. 27
1. Focus mode instellen ........................................................................................................ 27
2. Transition speed ................................................................................................................ 27
3. AF Shift sensitivity ............................................................................................................. 27
4. AF Assist ........................................................................................................................... 28
Focus instelllingen: Focus Area ...................................................................................................... 28
1. Focus Area’s instellen (!!) ................................................................................................... 28
2. Focus Area Limit ............................................................................................................... 28
3. Focus Area Color ............................................................................................................... 29
4. Circular of Focus Point ...................................................................................................... 29
5. AF Frame Move Amount ..................................................................................................... 29
, Focus instelllingen: Face/Eye AF ..................................................................................................... 29
1. Face/Eye Priority in AF ....................................................................................................... 29
2. Face/Eye Subject .............................................................................................................. 29
3. Right/left Eye select ........................................................................................................... 29
4. Face/Eye Frame Display .................................................................................................... 29
5. Registered Faces Priority ................................................................................................... 29
Focus instelllingen: Focus Assistant ............................................................................................... 30
1. Focus Map ........................................................................................................................ 30
2. Focus Magnifier ................................................................................................................. 30
3. Focus Magnifier Time ......................................................................................................... 30
4. Initial Focus magnifier ....................................................................................................... 30
Focus instelllingen: Peaking Display ................................................................................................ 31
1. Peaking display ................................................................................................................. 31
2. Peaking level ..................................................................................................................... 31
3. Peaking color .................................................................................................................... 31
Hoofdstuk 8: witbalans ................................................................................................................32
Witbalans ...................................................................................................................................... 32
Werking witbalans ......................................................................................................................... 32
Fouten-kleurzweem ....................................................................................................................... 33
Hoe stel je de witbalans in .............................................................................................................. 34
Voorinstellingen witbalans ......................................................................................................... 34
Creatief met de witbalans............................................................................................................... 35
Kelvin ........................................................................................................................................ 35
Calibrite Colorchecker Passport Photo 2 ......................................................................................... 36
Werking .................................................................................................................................... 36
Hoofdstuk 9: thethering ...............................................................................................................38
Hoe thetheren ............................................................................................................................... 38
1. Camera instellingen .......................................................................................................... 38
2. Verbinding laptop-camera ................................................................................................. 38
3. Imaging Edge Desktop ....................................................................................................... 38
Vlotte selectie van foto’s ................................................................................................................. 39
Voordelen thethered fotografie ....................................................................................................... 39
Hoofdstuk 10: RAW vs JPG ............................................................................................................40
Keuze bestandstype ....................................................................................................................... 40
RAW .............................................................................................................................................. 40
RAW als verzamelnaam ............................................................................................................. 40
Voordeel RAW ........................................................................................................................... 40
Nadeel RAW .............................................................................................................................. 41
JPEG ............................................................................................................................................. 41
Voordelen JPEG ......................................................................................................................... 41
Nadelen JPEG ............................................................................................................................ 42
Camera-instellingen JPEG .......................................................................................................... 42
Conclusie...................................................................................................................................... 43
Hoofdstuk 11: onderdelen fototoestel ..........................................................................................44
Smartphone versus systeemcamera ............................................................................................... 44
, Sony A7 mark iv ............................................................................................................................. 44
Onderdelen vooraanzicht ............................................................................................................... 46
Onderdelen achteraanzicht ............................................................................................................ 46
Onderdelen bovenkant ................................................................................................................... 47
Onderdelen zijkant ......................................................................................................................... 48
Onderdelen onderkant ................................................................................................................... 48
Hoofdstuk 12: lenzen ...................................................................................................................49
Brandpuntafstand/ focal lenght ...................................................................................................... 49
Brandpuntafstand en beeldhoek ..................................................................................................... 50
Indeling brandpuntafstanden ..................................................................................................... 50
Op je lens .................................................................................................................................. 50
Helderheid/lichtsterkte van je lens .................................................................................................. 51
Op je lens .................................................................................................................................. 51
Soorten lenzen .............................................................................................................................. 51
a) Zoomlenzen .......................................................................................................................... 52
-Superzoom objectief/ hyperzoom lens ....................................................................................... 52
b) Prime lenzen ......................................................................................................................... 53
Groothoeklenzen ........................................................................................................................... 53
Macrolenzen ................................................................................................................................. 54
Telelenzen ..................................................................................................................................... 54
Fisheye lenzen ............................................................................................................................... 56
Tilt shift lenzen............................................................................................................................... 57
Hoofdstuk 13: externe lichtmeter .................................................................................................58
Sekonic L-478D LiteMaster Pro ....................................................................................................... 58
Camerameters meten licht soms fout ............................................................................................. 58
Belichting op de camera bekijken ............................................................................................... 59
Aanpassing zodat camera het licht juist meet .................................................................................. 60
Instructie lichtmeter ...................................................................................................................... 60
Hoofdstuk 14: reportageflitser .....................................................................................................63
Kunstmatig flitslicht gebruiken ........................................................................................................ 63
Godox Speedlight V1 ...................................................................................................................... 63
On-Camera Flash .......................................................................................................................... 64
TTL-Mode en Manual Mode ............................................................................................................. 64
(E)TTL........................................................................................................................................ 64
Manual ..................................................................................................................................... 65
Off-Camera Flash met Transmitter .................................................................................................. 65
Hoofdstuk 15: studioflitser ...........................................................................................................67
Wat is een studioflitser ................................................................................................................... 67
Werking v.e. studioflitser................................................................................................................. 67
, Gadox AD600 Pro ........................................................................................................................... 68
Hoofdstuk 16: Lichtstatieven ........................................................................................................70
Wat is het ...................................................................................................................................... 70
Draagvermogen ............................................................................................................................. 70
Maximale werkhoogte .................................................................................................................... 70
Bevestigen van lamp of flitser ......................................................................................................... 70
Manfrotto 1004BAC 3-pack ............................................................................................................. 71
Hoofdstuk 17: light modifiers .......................................................................................................72
Natuurlijk licht manipuleren ........................................................................................................... 72
Probleemstelling: te hard licht .................................................................................................... 72
Oplossingsmogelijkheid 1: het reflectiescherm ........................................................................... 72
Reflectiescherm aka sunbounce ................................................................................................ 73
Oplossingsmogelijkheid 2: het diffuus scherm aka scrim ............................................................. 73
Diffuus scherm aka scrim .......................................................................................................... 74
Oplossingsmogelijkheid 3: creativiteit ......................................................................................... 74
Negative fill ................................................................................................................................... 74
Softbox ......................................................................................................................................... 75
Hoofdstuk 18: geschiedenis van de fotografie ...............................................................................77
1. 1826 ..................................................................................................................................... 77
1.1 Joseph Nicéphore Niépce .................................................................................................. 77
1.2 Camera Obscura ............................................................................................................... 78
2. 1839: daguerreotypie ............................................................................................................. 79
3. 1841: Calotypie ..................................................................................................................... 81
4. 1847: albuminedruk............................................................................................................... 81
5. 1850: collodiumprocedé ........................................................................................................ 84
6. 1861: opkomst van kleurenfotografie met James Clerck Maxwell .............................................. 84
7. 1871: zilvergelatinedruk ......................................................................................................... 85
8. 1888: eerst camera voor publiek ............................................................................................. 86
9. 1907: patent op autochroomproces ........................................................................................ 86
Patent op autochroomproces ..................................................................................................... 86
10. 1935: introductie Kodachrome ........................................................................................... 87
11. 1948: introductie instant camera van Polaroid ..................................................................... 88
12. 1981: introductie eerste digitale camera ............................................................................. 88
13. 1988: introductie JPEG ....................................................................................................... 89
14. 1990: introductie Photoshop-programma ........................................................................... 89
15. 2000: eerste telefoon met ingebouwde camera ................................................................... 90
16. 2004: Adobe brengt eerste RAW-formaat uit ........................................................................ 90
17. 2013: Sony introduceert Eye AF-modus .............................................................................. 91
, Hoofdtuk 1: licht
= elektromagnetische straling dat binnen het
frequentiebereik ligt en dus waarneembaar is met het oog.
Rood heeft een lagere frequentie dan blauw.
Niet zichtbare infrarood (te lage frequentie om te zien) mag je
niet infraroodlicht noemen. Hetzelfde geldt voor ultraviolet (te hoge frequentie om te
zien).
Kelvin
= eenheid kleurtemperatuur licht aka de perceptie van de warmte v.h. licht
Hoe hoger het aantal kelvin, hoe kouder het licht. Kouder gaat meer naar wit/blauw licht.
Hoe lager het aantal kelvin, hoe warmer het licht. Warmer gaat meer naar geler licht.
=>Neutraal licht is 5000/6000.
=>Veel wolken: blauwe kleur &
hogere kelvin
=> Zonlicht: veel schakeringen: wij
moeten op fototoestel instellen
hoe zon is op dat moment.
Zie ook witbalans later in de samenvatting.
Candela, Lux en Lumen
= licht intensiteit wordt de lichtsterkte genoemd, met eenheid candela afkort cd
• Minimale lichtsterkte voor kleurwaarneming is +/- 3cd/m2
• Aarde ontvangt van de zon 2 000 miljoen cd/m2 en van de volle maan ong 2500
cd/m2
Lux en lumen
= beiden natuurkundige eenheden die lichtintensiteit aangeven.
Lumen: eenheid voor lichtstroom
Lichtstroom: totale hoeveelheid licht dat een lichtbron uitstraalt
Lux: de hoeveelheid licht op een bepaald oppervlak
1Lux = 1 lumen/m2
1
