Police Sergeant Exam NFLST Questions And Answers Verified Correctly

Police Sergeant Exam NFLST Questions And Answers Verified Correctly Search Warrant Exceptions - ANSWER -Consent, warrant, exigency, vehicle inventory, incident to arrest, motor vehicle, plain view Chimel v. California (1969) - ANSWER -search is valid of a person and area under him immediate control form which he could produce a weapon or destroy evidence Carroll v. U.S. (1925) - ANSWER -movable vehicle rule Arizona v. Gant (2009) - ANSWER -can search a vehicle when reasonable to believe will find evidence of the offense. Only in passenger compartment. inductive reasoning - ANSWER -factual and logical explanation of the crime deductive reasoning - ANSWER -hypothesis neighborhood canvas - ANSWER -helpful in about 20% of investigations vehicle canvas - ANSWER -get description, location, plate of vehicles in the area with description of anything suspicious ie blood, bullet holes, possible evidence. Primary v. secondary scenes - ANSWER -primary is where first criminal act occurred, secondary scenes are where all subsequent scenes occurred. Evidence in "open view" - ANSWER -processed before other items/bodies to make sure no undue damage is done to families by media or common talk. 3 kinds of evidence - ANSWER -Corpus delicti evidence - evidence that is needed to prove the commission of the crime Associative - connects the suspect to the scene or victim/ or connects the scene or victim to the suspect Tracing - identification and location of the suspect such as a discarded ID at the scene. Crime scene patterns (patterns or techniques used to search an area after the boundary has been determined - ANSWER -Spiral, Grid, Strip/line, Quadrant/ or Zone, Pie/wheel Digital photography (far/medium/close) - ANSWER -Orientation - far, Relationship - medium, Identification - close, Comparison - close of evidence Class characteristics - ANSWER -not completely original, like the print of a Nike shoe Individual characteristics - ANSWER -fingerprints/footprints, etc. 14th ammendment - ANSWER -due process of law Arrest - ANSWER -intention, authority, custody Arrest warrant - ANSWER -1. Name of the state 2. Who will execute the warrant (normally any peace officer of that state) 3. Person who will be arrested 4. Offense Committed 5. Date, time, place of occurrence 6. Name of victim 7. Description of Offense Mapp v. Ohio - ANSWER -Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court) Residue prints - ANSWER -prints left on a hard surface from a foot, shoe, or tire. Impressions - ANSWER -prints left in something moldable like clay, dirt, snow, etc. Plastic prints - ANSWER -prints left in something "tacky" like silly putty, fatty foods, caulking Patent/contaminated/visible - ANSWER -fingers contaminated with an oily substance touch a clean surface Latent/invisible - ANSWER -unseen or hidden prints that are developed to expose them Forensic ondontology - ANSWER -intersection of dentistry and criminal law, i.e. bite mark analysis and identification. Signature - ANSWER -The striations on a bullet after passing through the bore of the barrel of a rifle or pistol Touch DNA - ANSWER -small amounts of DNA evidence left from suspect skin shavings after touching something. Handwriting samples - ANSWER -15 to 20 samples should be collected from suspects Objective of interrogation: (importance goes up as the difficulty goes up) - ANSWER - Obtain valuable facts, Eliminate the innocent, Identify the guilty, Obtain a confession Proximity - ANSWER -distance between you and subject during interview (optimal proximity 27 in. for middle class white males) Expectancy - ANSWER -Bias when witness is not completely positive of an ANSWER. They'll give an ANSWER they would expect, or assume. Coerced - internalized confession - ANSWER -False confession where innocent suspect made to believe they committed the crime where people develop a distrust of their own memory. Voluntary confession - ANSWER -Give false confession without provocation Coerced compliant confession - ANSWER -Confess after lengthy interrogation process and think the short term outweighs long term (being released on bail and getting high vs. having to go to prison later) Free and voluntary rule - ANSWER -can't beat a suspect into a confession, or threaten violence McNabb v. United States - ANSWER -Must not be "unnecessary delay" in the production of the suspect before a magistrate. Confession was gained during this delay, and the subsequent confession was inadmissible despite it being given freely and voluntarily. From this case came the "delay in arraignment" rule. Berghuis v. Thomkins - ANSWER -5th amendment case involving Miranda v. Arizona. Suspect was advised of rights, didn't sign the form, but agreed to speak with detectives. Confession given, and was later admissible by Supreme Court. Algor mortis - ANSWER -body cooling - inaccurate way of determining time of death Ocular change - ANSWER -cornea becomes cloudy within 2 hours of less if eyes are open Ocular change (closed) - ANSWER -if eyes closed, 12-24 hours, 3rd postmortem day, eyes become opaque Rigor mortis - ANSWER -rigidity occurs within 1-3 hours. Complete rigor in 10-15 hours after jaw and knee locked. After 24-36 hours the muscles begin to relax in the same order they stiffened. Livor mortis - ANSWER -pooling of blood inside the skin, can look like bruising, evident within 30 minutes to 2 hours, "fixed" after 8-12 hours, Before it being fixed, the livor mortis may move around the body.