AP Human Geography Unit 4- Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Version (Already Passed

AP Human Geography Unit 4- Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Version (Already Passed Allocational boundary - Answers A boundary dispute that involves conflicting claims to the natural resources of a border region. Allocational boundary dispute (example) - Answers Problem occurs if there is a rich natural resource straddling the border. Who gets what share? 50-50. Example : there is a huge oilfield beneath the Iraq/Kuwaiti border. How do you divide up the drilling rights? Annexation - Answers The formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation Antecedent boundaries - Answers A boundary that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place while people moved in to occupy the surrounding area (created before region was inhabited) Asia-Pacific Economic Council (APEC) - Answers A forum for 21 Pacific Rim countries (styled "Member Economies") that seeks to promote free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific region. BALKANIZATION - Answers The political term used when referring to the fragmentation or breakup of a region or country into smaller regions or countries. The term comes from the Balkan wars, where the country of Yugoslavia was broken up in to six countries between 1989 and 1992. (fighting because of ethnic groups) Benelux - Answers A collective name for Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, esp. with reference to their economic union Berlin Conference - Answers The Berlin Conference of 1884-85 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power Bipolar world - Answers Places having two opposite or contradictory ideas or natures Boundary and 4 steps - Answers Invisible line that marks the extent of a states territory 1. Define 2. Delimit (draw) 3. Demarcate 4. Administrate Buffer state - Answers A small neutral state between two rival powers Centripetal forces - Answers A force that brings people towards the center (bring everyone together) Centrifugal forces - Answers A force that moves people away from a center (moves everyone apart) CIS: Commonwealth of Independent States - Answers An alliance made up of states that had been Soviet Socialist Republics in the Soviet Union prior to its dissolution in Dec 1991 Clash of Civilizations - Answers A book written by Samuel Huntington. Says that the world has moved on, in the cold war it was state verses state, now its not like that, its culture verses culture, Islam versus Christians, cultural struggle rather than ideological struggle Cold War - Answers The state of political hostility that existed between the Soviet bloc countries and the US-led Western powers from 1945 to 1990 Colonialism - Answers Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory (stronger country takes over weaker country) Compact state - Answers A state that possesses a roughly circular, oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions (distance from center to any boundary is very similar) Confederation - Answers The act of forming an alliance league Core - Answers The center of something periphery - Answers Outer limits or edge of an area or object semi-periphery - Answers the industrializing, mostly capitalist countries which are positioned between the periphery and core countries Darfur - Answers A region in the west of Sudan, an independent kingdom until 1874. In 2003 a rebellion against the Sudanese government began, and many thousands died or were displaced in the subsequent conflict Definitional boundary dispute - Answers Argument or lack of clarity about the wording of the treaty that establishes the boundary Devolution - Answers The process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality Splitting apart due to centrifugal force Domino Theory - Answers The political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control Electoral College - Answers A set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office. Often these represent different organizations or entities, with each organization or entity represented by a particular number of electors or with votes weighted in a particular way Elongated state - Answers A long state up to down, hard to communicate for government, strong centrifugal force, people feel left out, regions distance from capital feel isolated and disconnected Enclave - Answers An area that lied entirely within the boundaries of another state Ethnic cleansing - Answers A process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region Exclave - Answers Territory that belongs to another state but which is not contiguous to that state Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) - Answers The law of the sea - An area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, extending up to 200 nautical miles from the baselines, where a coastal country has sovereign rights as set forth in Article 56 of the U.N. European Union - Answers An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members Federal system - Answers Government that distributes much local authority (power) to outlying provinces. Examples: US, Canada, Australia FORWARD CAPITAL - Answers Idea is to relocate the capital city to a more central location. Creates a centripetal force. Usually situated near the center of the country. Can integrate outlying part of state. Capital usually relocated for strategic reasons. Fragmented state - Answers A state that is not contiguous whole but rather separated parts. Frontier - Answers Poorly defined zone in which no state exercises complete control. Zone where no state exercises complete political control Genocide - Answers The systematic killing of substantial numbers of people on the basis of ethnicity, religion, political opinion, social status, or other particularity; Acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group Geometric boundary - Answers A political boundary defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc. Gerrymandering - Answers To divide (a geographic area) into voting districts so as to give unfair