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Samenvatting - Hematologie 2 (Hofmans)

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Dit is een samenvatting van de lessen en de powerpoints van het pathologisch bloedbeeld gegeven door Hofmans M. voor het vak Hematologie 2. Alles wat te kennen is staat in de samenvatting

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PATHOLOGISCHE HEMATOLOGIE
Samenvatting 2024-2025

Medische laboratoriumtechnologie - HoGent

M. Hofmans

,INHOUDSOPGAVE

1 Het normale bloedbeeld ........................................................................................................ 4

2 Pathologisch bloedbeeld ....................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Diagnostische technieken ......................................................................................................6

3 Rode bloedcellen pathologie .................................................................................................10

3.1 Veranderingen in rbc ............................................................................................................ 10
3.1.1 Grootte......................................................................................................................... 10
3.1.2 Anisochromasie (Kleur) ................................................................................................. 11
3.1.3 Vorm ............................................................................................................................ 11
3.1.4 Abnormale bestanddelen of inclusies ............................................................................ 12
3.1.5 Malaria ......................................................................................................................... 13

3.2 Anemie ................................................................................................................................ 14
3.2.1 Klinisch beeld ............................................................................................................... 15
3.2.2 Classificatie van anemie ............................................................................................... 15

3.3 Congenitale anemie ............................................................................................................. 16
3.3.1 Hemoglobine ................................................................................................................ 16
3.3.2 Thalassemie ................................................................................................................. 16
3.3.3 Sikkelcel anemie ........................................................................................................... 18
3.3.4 Cogenitale of hereditaire sferocytose ............................................................................. 19

3.4 Verworven anemie ............................................................................................................... 20
3.4.1 Ijzergebrek anemie of ferriprieve anemie ........................................................................ 20
3.4.2 Megaloblastaire anemie ................................................................................................ 22
3.4.3 Pernieuze anemie ......................................................................................................... 22
3.4.4 Niet-pernicieuze anemie ............................................................................................... 23
3.4.5 Anemie bij chronische ziekten ....................................................................................... 24
3.4.6 Hemolytische anemie ................................................................................................... 25
3.4.7 Paroxysmale nachtelijke hemoglobinurie (PNH) .............................................................. 27
3.4.8 Microangiopathische hemolytische anemie .................................................................... 27

3.5 uitwerking anemie: diagnostiek ............................................................................................. 28

3.6 andere rbc pathologie .......................................................................................................... 29
3.6.1 Hemochromatose ......................................................................................................... 29
3.6.2 Chronische myeloproliferatieve neoplasie (MPN) ............................................................ 29

4 Witte bloedcellen pathologie ................................................................................................30

4.1.1 Neutropenie ................................................................................................................. 30

4.2 Leukocytose ........................................................................................................................ 31
4.2.1 Benigne leukocytose ..................................................................................................... 31
4.2.2 chronische Myeloproliferatieve neoplasie (MPN) ............................................................ 31
4.2.3 Chronische Myeloïde leukemie (CML) ............................................................................ 31

4.3 BCR-ABL negatieve MPNs ..................................................................................................... 33
4.3.1 Essentiële trombocytose ............................................................................................... 34
4.3.2 Primaire myelofibrose ................................................................................................... 34


2

, 4.4 Myelodysplastische neoplasie (MDS) .................................................................................... 34
4.4.1 Cytomorfologie ............................................................................................................. 35

4.5 Cronische myelomonocytaire leukemie (CMML) .................................................................... 38

5 Acute leukemie.....................................................................................................................38

5.1.1 Diagnose en classificatie van acute leukemie ................................................................. 39

5.2 Acute myeloide leukemie (AML) ............................................................................................ 41

5.3 Acute lymfatische leukemie (ALL) ......................................................................................... 42

6 Chronisch lymfoproliferatieve aandoeningen.........................................................................43

6.1 Normale differentiatie B-en T-lymfocyten .............................................................................. 43
6.1.1 klinische presentatie: symptomatologie ......................................................................... 44

6.2 Diagnostiek ......................................................................................................................... 44
6.2.1 onderzoek van mature B- en T-cel neoplasie ................................................................... 45
6.2.2 Klonaliteitsonderzoek.................................................................................................... 45

6.3 Classificatie en subtypering non-hodgkin lymfoom ................................................................ 46
6.3.1 CHRONISCHE LYMFOÏDE LEUKEMIE (B-CLL) .................................................................. 46
6.3.2 SMAL LYMFOCYTISCH LYMFOOM (SLL) .......................................................................... 47
6.3.3 MONOKLONALE B-CEL LYMFOCYTOSE.......................................................................... 47
6.3.4 HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIE (HCL) ......................................................................................... 48
6.3.5 FOLLICULAIR LYMFOOM ............................................................................................... 48
6.3.6 MANTELCEL LYMFOOM ................................................................................................. 48

6.4 Hodgkin lymfoom ................................................................................................................. 49

6.5 Plasmacel dyscrasie ............................................................................................................ 49
6.5.1 Monoklonale gammopathie en plasmacel dyscrasie ....................................................... 49




3

, 1 HET NORMALE BLOEDBEELD

Het gecentrifugeerd bloed bestaat uit 3 belangrijke componenten:

• Plasma (water, eiwitten, hormonen…)
• Buffy coat (witte bloedcellen en bloedplaatjes)
• Hematocriet (rode bloedcellen)

Hematocriet is de verhouding van het plasma op het bloed. Indien
er een verlaagde waarde aan hematocriet is en er dus meer
plasma zal zijn kan er sprake zijn van een anemie. Enkele oorzaken
kunnen sickle cell, bloedingen en een tekort aan voedingsstoffen
zijn. Bij een verhoogde hematocriet zal er minder plasma
waarneembaar zijn. Dit kan komen door EPO wat zorgt voor een
verhoogde viscositeit.


Component Belangrijkste functie

Water Oplosmiddel voor transport van andere substanties

Ionen (natrium, kalium, calcium, Osmotische balans, pH-buffering, zenuw- en spierfunctie
magnesium, chloor, bicarbonaat)

Eiwitten Osmotische balans, stolling, immuniteit

Albumine (80%)

Fibrinogeen (4%)

Immunoglobulines (16%)

Substanties

Voedingsstoffen (bv. glucose, vetzuren, vitamines) en afvalstoffen O2 en CO2 + hormonen




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