ASD final exam UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
How well do children with ASD, as a group, regulate their emotions? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -Sig more difficulty managing their emotions -> impairing function & leading
to behavioral problems
What appears is the primary contributor/correlate of dysregulation in children with ASD? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Children w/ ASD engage in fewer beneficial strategies &
strategies are less effective overall
What is internalization of co-regulation? What does research suggest about how this process
operates for children with ASD? - CORRECT ANSWER - -when the child can regulate
themselves based on the strategies their parents used to help the regulate emotions
-does not occur until 8 years of age
What are some of the potential consequences of emotion dysregulation in this population? -
CORRECT ANSWER - -behavioral problems
About how common are externalizing (behavior) disorders in children with ASD? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -prevalence = 8 - 68%
What could at least partially contribute to the sex difference in individuals with ASD? -
CORRECT ANSWER - -female protective effect: girls w/ less severe symptoms either 1)
mask better 2) girls are innately better at language & social skills
What is meant by the term "evidence-based" or "empirically-supported" practice/treatment? -
CORRECT ANSWER - -integration of best available research with clinical expertise
-must contain: 1) experimental control 2) manipulation of IV, random assignment
,What is the difference between efficacy and effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Efficacy: validity of treatment
-Effectiveness (clinical utility): is the treatment generalizable, applicable, feasible, useful
What does it mean to consider individual differences in treatment selection? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -determine what approach/services are likely to work given the child's age /
developmental functioning/ specific problems/ strengths / personality characteristics / language /
socio cultural context
How is it recommended that one balance utilizing the best available research vs. clinical
experience in their practice? - CORRECT ANSWER - -start w/ best research, then use
clinical expertise, if have specific reason for changing use of it (ex: ABA treatment going from
35 hrs. a week to 20hrs a week)
What are some of the main agreed upon goals of interventions for ASD? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1)Minimize core deficits & co-occuring associated impairments
2) Maximize functional independence by facilitating learning & acquisition of adaptive skills
3) eliminate/minimize/prevent problem behaviors that interfere w/ functional skills
What are some recommended elements that all good interventions for ASD should include? -
CORRECT ANSWER - -treatments should be individualized, developmentally appropriate
& intensive w/ performance data relevant to treatment goals to evaluate & adjustment
intervention
What is the difference between a "comprehensive" vs. "focused" intervention in ASD? What are
some examples of each? - CORRECT ANSWER - -CTM: address broad array of
symptoms over long period of time (ex: ABA)
-FTM: limited in range of skills & delivered over short period of time (JASPER)
What is the National Autism Center's National Standards Project trying to do? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -designed to gather all ASD treatments and determine how efficacious they
are
-established: well-studied, good evidence
, -emerging: some studies, some evidence
-unestablished: either no studies, or no evidence
What do most of the interventions designated as "established" have in common? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -all rooted in behavioral principles (use behavioral techniques)
What are supplemental interventions for autistic individuals and what are a few of them? -
CORRECT ANSWER - -interventions with specific/limited goals
-Peer-mediated instruction & intervention
-video modeling
-social stories
-JASPER
-parent management training
What is facilitated communication and what has the investigation of this taught us about the
importance of researching treatments? - CORRECT ANSWER - -fraudulent research
-non-verbal individual placed in front of key-board, facilitator guides their hand to "help them
type" -> indicated children knew language but could not communicate their needs
-actuality: facilitator is source of message
What areas of development/functioning tend to be the focus of most interventions? What types of
outcomes tend not to be addressed as much? - CORRECT ANSWER - -IQ & educational
success
-quality of life, employment, independent living, relationship skills
Around what decade(s) did behavioral interventions start to develop for autistic children? -
CORRECT ANSWER - -1970's
Who conducted the first large-scale study of intervention for children with ASD - CORRECT
ANSWER - -Ivar Loovas
CORRECT Answers
How well do children with ASD, as a group, regulate their emotions? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -Sig more difficulty managing their emotions -> impairing function & leading
to behavioral problems
What appears is the primary contributor/correlate of dysregulation in children with ASD? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Children w/ ASD engage in fewer beneficial strategies &
strategies are less effective overall
What is internalization of co-regulation? What does research suggest about how this process
operates for children with ASD? - CORRECT ANSWER - -when the child can regulate
themselves based on the strategies their parents used to help the regulate emotions
-does not occur until 8 years of age
What are some of the potential consequences of emotion dysregulation in this population? -
CORRECT ANSWER - -behavioral problems
About how common are externalizing (behavior) disorders in children with ASD? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -prevalence = 8 - 68%
What could at least partially contribute to the sex difference in individuals with ASD? -
CORRECT ANSWER - -female protective effect: girls w/ less severe symptoms either 1)
mask better 2) girls are innately better at language & social skills
What is meant by the term "evidence-based" or "empirically-supported" practice/treatment? -
CORRECT ANSWER - -integration of best available research with clinical expertise
-must contain: 1) experimental control 2) manipulation of IV, random assignment
,What is the difference between efficacy and effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Efficacy: validity of treatment
-Effectiveness (clinical utility): is the treatment generalizable, applicable, feasible, useful
What does it mean to consider individual differences in treatment selection? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -determine what approach/services are likely to work given the child's age /
developmental functioning/ specific problems/ strengths / personality characteristics / language /
socio cultural context
How is it recommended that one balance utilizing the best available research vs. clinical
experience in their practice? - CORRECT ANSWER - -start w/ best research, then use
clinical expertise, if have specific reason for changing use of it (ex: ABA treatment going from
35 hrs. a week to 20hrs a week)
What are some of the main agreed upon goals of interventions for ASD? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1)Minimize core deficits & co-occuring associated impairments
2) Maximize functional independence by facilitating learning & acquisition of adaptive skills
3) eliminate/minimize/prevent problem behaviors that interfere w/ functional skills
What are some recommended elements that all good interventions for ASD should include? -
CORRECT ANSWER - -treatments should be individualized, developmentally appropriate
& intensive w/ performance data relevant to treatment goals to evaluate & adjustment
intervention
What is the difference between a "comprehensive" vs. "focused" intervention in ASD? What are
some examples of each? - CORRECT ANSWER - -CTM: address broad array of
symptoms over long period of time (ex: ABA)
-FTM: limited in range of skills & delivered over short period of time (JASPER)
What is the National Autism Center's National Standards Project trying to do? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -designed to gather all ASD treatments and determine how efficacious they
are
-established: well-studied, good evidence
, -emerging: some studies, some evidence
-unestablished: either no studies, or no evidence
What do most of the interventions designated as "established" have in common? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -all rooted in behavioral principles (use behavioral techniques)
What are supplemental interventions for autistic individuals and what are a few of them? -
CORRECT ANSWER - -interventions with specific/limited goals
-Peer-mediated instruction & intervention
-video modeling
-social stories
-JASPER
-parent management training
What is facilitated communication and what has the investigation of this taught us about the
importance of researching treatments? - CORRECT ANSWER - -fraudulent research
-non-verbal individual placed in front of key-board, facilitator guides their hand to "help them
type" -> indicated children knew language but could not communicate their needs
-actuality: facilitator is source of message
What areas of development/functioning tend to be the focus of most interventions? What types of
outcomes tend not to be addressed as much? - CORRECT ANSWER - -IQ & educational
success
-quality of life, employment, independent living, relationship skills
Around what decade(s) did behavioral interventions start to develop for autistic children? -
CORRECT ANSWER - -1970's
Who conducted the first large-scale study of intervention for children with ASD - CORRECT
ANSWER - -Ivar Loovas
