Hypertension Aquifer Case Questions And Answers 100% Correct

Hypertension Aquifer Case Questions And Answers 100% Correct what is the difference between essential and secondary hypertension? - essential HTN- no identifiable etiology exists (more common in adults) secondary hypertension there is an identifiable and potentially treatable etiolgy causes of secondary hypertension - (1) sleep apnea (2) use of cocaine, stimulants (3) chronic kidney disease (4) primary hyperaldosteronism (5) renovascular disease (6) Cushing's syndrome or steroid use (7) pheochromocytoma (8) coarctation of the aorta (9) thyroid or parathyroid disease 2 | P a g e Katelyn Whitman© 2025, All Rights Reserved. when do you think about secondary causes of hypertension in a patient? - (1) hypertension presents in very young or in older patients (2) when one of the diagnoses listed above is suggested by history, physical exam, or laboratory findings (3) when the patient's hypertension is resistant to therapy (blood pressure remains poorly controlled on three medications including a diuretic) what are risk factors for developing hypertension? - obesity excessive alcohol hypertension places patients at risk for - (1) stroke (2) cardiovascular disease (3) heart failure (4) kidney disease higher the BP, the higher the risk modifiable RF for HTN that you should review with patient's newly diagnosed w HTN - (1) *excessive alcohol* (2) *excessive salt*- processed foods 3 | P a g e Katelyn Whitman© 2025, All Rights Reserved. (3) cocaine risk factors for vascular disease - (1) elevated blood pressure (2) type 2 DM (3) smoking What is a hypertensive emergency? - BP >180/110 --> associated w/ symptoms of acute end-organ damage including *acute coronary syndrome*, *renal failure*, *retinal hemorrhages*, *stroke* what are physical exam pieces of evidence of *long-standing hypertension* - (1) *retinopathy* (2) *cardiomegaly* or signs of heart failure [diffuse or displaced point of maximal impulse] (3) *pulsatile abdominal mass*- AAA: RF include HTN, tobacco use, male gender, family hx, hyperlipidemia evidence of *Secondary causes of HTN* - (1) *thyromegaly*- ie *grave's disease* (2) *renal artery stenosis*- can cause a *bruit* in the epigastric area; need to hear a systolic - diastolic bruit (3) coarctation of the aorta- *discordant BP w/ .higher pressure in arms* 4 | P a g e Katelyn Whitman© 2025, All Rights Reserved. why do you do a neurologic exam in setting of HTN - *looking for any signs of previous CNS events/strokes* common presentations -dyarthria -hemiparesis (ipsilateral face + contralateral arm + leg weakness) -UMN signs: increased reflexes, increased muscle spasticity, Babinski reflex + , pronator drift how to get an accurate BP reading - -avoid exercise, smoking or alcohol for at least 30 minutes before a blood pressure reading -sit quietly for at least five minutes prior to blood pressure being checked -supine or sitting comfortably with his arm at heart lev