TEST BANK FOR ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5TH EDITION, MARY JO GOOLSBY, LAURIE | ALL CHAPTERS | GRADED A+

,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
A. Methodical and systematic
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements

3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
A. Chief complaint
B. History of the present illness
C. Current vital signs
D. All of the above are essential history components

4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be
able to:
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
D. Foresee unpredictable findings

5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
A. Evidence-based investigations
B. Primary reports of research
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience
D. Published meta-analyses

6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
B. Clinical practice guidelines
C. Evidence-based research
D. All of the above

7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
D. None of the above

, 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on
mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or
patients?
A. Clinical practice guideline
B. Clinical decision rule
C. Clinical algorithm
D. Clinical recommendation

, Answer Section
VV




MULTIPLE VVCHOICE

1. ANS: V V V V B
Croskerry VV(2009) VVdescribes VVtwo VVmajor VVtypes VVof VVclinical VVdiagnostic VVdecision-making:
VVintuitive VVand VVanalytical. VVIntuitive VVdecision-making VV(similar VVto VVAugenblink VVdecision-

making) VVis VVbased VVon VVthe VVexperience VVand VVintuition VVof VVthe VVclinician VVand VVis VVless
VVreliable VVand VVpaired VVwith VVfairly VVcommon VVerrors. VVIn VVcontrast, VVanalytical VVdecision-making

VVis VVbased VVon VVcareful VVconsideration VVand VVhas VVgreater VVreliability VVwith VVrare VVerrors.




PTS: 1
2. ANS: V V V V D
To VVobtain VVadequate VVhistory, VVproviders VVmust VVbe VVwell VVorganized, VVattentive VVto VVthe VVpatient’s
VVverbal VVand VVnonverbal VVlanguage, VVand VVable VVto VVaccurately VVinterpret VVthe VVpatient’s

VVresponses VVto VVquestions. VVRather VVthan VVreading VVinto VVthe VVpatient’s VVstatements, VVthey VVclarify

VVany VVareas VVof VVuncertainty.




PTS: 1
3. ANS: V V V V C
Vital VVsigns VVare VVpart VVof VVthe VVphysical VVexamination VVportion VVof VVpatient VVassessment, VVnot VVpart
VVof VVthe VVhealth VVhistory.




PTS: 1
4. ANS: V V V V D
While VVperforming VVthe VVphysical VVexamination, VVthe VVexaminer VVmust VVbe VVable VVto VVdifferentiate
VVbetween VVnormal VVand VVabnormal VVfindings, VVrecall VVknowledge VVof VVa VVrange VVof VVconditions,

VVincluding VVtheir VVassociated VVsigns VVand VVsymptoms, VVrecognize VVhow VVcertain VVconditions

VVaffect VVthe VVresponse VVto VVother VVconditions, VVand VVdistinguish VVthe VVrelevance VVof VVvaried

VVabnormal VVfindings.




PTS: 1
5. ANS: V V V V C
Sources VVfor VVdiagnostic VVstatistics VVinclude VVtextbooks, VVprimary VVreports VVof VVresearch, VVand
VVpublished VVmeta-analyses. VVAnother VVsource VVof VVstatistics, VVthe VVone VVthat VVhas VVbeen VVmost

VVwidely VVused VVand VVavailable VVfor VVapplication VVto VVthe VVreasoning VVprocess, VVis VVthe

VVestimation VVbased VVon VVa VVprovider’s VVexperience, VValthough VVthese VVare VVrarely VVaccurate.

VVOver VVthe VVpast VVdecade, VVthe VVavailability VVof VVevidence VVon VVwhich VVto VVbase VVclinical

VVreasoning VVis VVimproving, VVand VVthere VVis VVan VVincreasing VVexpectation VVthat VVclinical VVreasoning

VVbe VVbased VVon VVscientific VVevidence. VVEvidence-based VVstatistics VVare VValso VVincreasingly VVbeing

VVused VVto VVdevelop VVresources VVto VVfacilitate VVclinical VVdecision-making.




PTS: 1
6. ANS: V V V V D
To VVassist VVin VVclinical VVdecision-making, VVa VVnumber VVof VVevidence-based VVresources VVhave VVbeen
VVdeveloped VVto VVassist VVthe VVclinician. VVResources, VVsuch VVas VValgorithms VVand VVclinical

VVpractice VVguidelines, VVassist VVin VVclinical VVreasoning VVwhen VVproperly VVapplied.