OTD 356 Exam 2 UPDATED Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Typical alignment/ visual fusion - CORRECT ANSWER - both eyes are directed at ("fused
on") same fixation point
Fusional vergence system - CORRECT ANSWER - brain's way of adjusting for small
variations in alignment so we can keep an image clear and single
Strabismus/ Dysconjugate gaze - CORRECT ANSWER - eyes are not directed at same
fixation point and therefore pt. may have diplopia
Diplopia - CORRECT ANSWER - double vision, can be vertical/ horizontal/ rotation, may
just be "blurry" or not completely double
Tropia - CORRECT ANSWER - eyes turn inward
Phoria - CORRECT ANSWER - resting eye posture
Eso - CORRECT ANSWER - in
Exo - CORRECT ANSWER - out
Hyper - CORRECT ANSWER - Up
Hypo - CORRECT ANSWER - Down
Conjugate movements - CORRECT ANSWER - eyes move the same amount in the same
direction
,Vergence movements - CORRECT ANSWER - eyes move in opposite directions
Convergence - CORRECT ANSWER - both eyes adducting to focus on an object coming
nearer to face
Divergence - CORRECT ANSWER - both eyes abducting to focus on an object moving away
from us
Saccades - CORRECT ANSWER - fast, step-like movements that redirect gaze so different
image falls on fovea
Pursuits - CORRECT ANSWER - visual tracking, keeping an object on the fovea
Gaze stabilization - CORRECT ANSWER - vestibular-driven eye movements that keep an
image on the fovea when head is moving
Anopsia - CORRECT ANSWER - loss of vision
Hemianopsia (hemianopia) - CORRECT ANSWER - loss of vision in half of visual field
Quadrantanopsia (quadrantanopia) - CORRECT ANSWER - loss of vision in one quadrant
Homonymous - CORRECT ANSWER - affecting the same side of the visual field of both
sides
Amplitude (LSVT BIG) - CORRECT ANSWER - the largest range of motion that can be
performed with the highest effort with the most maximally efficient biomechanics every trial,
everyday
, Low vision therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - bilateral visual impairments that cannot be
corrected by corrective lenses, medication, or surgery
compensatory approach
eye diseases (glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy), loss of visual fields/ acuity
Neurological vision therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - addressing and rehabilitating vision
changes that are SECONDARY to neurological injuries (stroke, brain injury, MS, etc.)
Remediation (yay neuroplasticity!)
Most subcortical visual pathway - CORRECT ANSWER - Primary visual pathway
Most cortical visual pathway - CORRECT ANSWER - Secondary visual pathway
Primary visual pathway - CORRECT ANSWER - Light enters eye --> cornea --> pupil -->
lens --> retina --> optic nerve --> optic chiasm --> optic tract --> LGN of thalamus --> optic
radiations --> primary visual cortex in occipital lobe
*SENSATION*
Secondary visual pathway - CORRECT ANSWER - *PERCEPTION FOR ACTION*
Primary visual cortex, visual association cortex, multimodal association cortex
Dorsal stream and Ventral stream
Dorsal stream - CORRECT ANSWER - "Where am I"
and CORRECT Answers
Typical alignment/ visual fusion - CORRECT ANSWER - both eyes are directed at ("fused
on") same fixation point
Fusional vergence system - CORRECT ANSWER - brain's way of adjusting for small
variations in alignment so we can keep an image clear and single
Strabismus/ Dysconjugate gaze - CORRECT ANSWER - eyes are not directed at same
fixation point and therefore pt. may have diplopia
Diplopia - CORRECT ANSWER - double vision, can be vertical/ horizontal/ rotation, may
just be "blurry" or not completely double
Tropia - CORRECT ANSWER - eyes turn inward
Phoria - CORRECT ANSWER - resting eye posture
Eso - CORRECT ANSWER - in
Exo - CORRECT ANSWER - out
Hyper - CORRECT ANSWER - Up
Hypo - CORRECT ANSWER - Down
Conjugate movements - CORRECT ANSWER - eyes move the same amount in the same
direction
,Vergence movements - CORRECT ANSWER - eyes move in opposite directions
Convergence - CORRECT ANSWER - both eyes adducting to focus on an object coming
nearer to face
Divergence - CORRECT ANSWER - both eyes abducting to focus on an object moving away
from us
Saccades - CORRECT ANSWER - fast, step-like movements that redirect gaze so different
image falls on fovea
Pursuits - CORRECT ANSWER - visual tracking, keeping an object on the fovea
Gaze stabilization - CORRECT ANSWER - vestibular-driven eye movements that keep an
image on the fovea when head is moving
Anopsia - CORRECT ANSWER - loss of vision
Hemianopsia (hemianopia) - CORRECT ANSWER - loss of vision in half of visual field
Quadrantanopsia (quadrantanopia) - CORRECT ANSWER - loss of vision in one quadrant
Homonymous - CORRECT ANSWER - affecting the same side of the visual field of both
sides
Amplitude (LSVT BIG) - CORRECT ANSWER - the largest range of motion that can be
performed with the highest effort with the most maximally efficient biomechanics every trial,
everyday
, Low vision therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - bilateral visual impairments that cannot be
corrected by corrective lenses, medication, or surgery
compensatory approach
eye diseases (glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy), loss of visual fields/ acuity
Neurological vision therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - addressing and rehabilitating vision
changes that are SECONDARY to neurological injuries (stroke, brain injury, MS, etc.)
Remediation (yay neuroplasticity!)
Most subcortical visual pathway - CORRECT ANSWER - Primary visual pathway
Most cortical visual pathway - CORRECT ANSWER - Secondary visual pathway
Primary visual pathway - CORRECT ANSWER - Light enters eye --> cornea --> pupil -->
lens --> retina --> optic nerve --> optic chiasm --> optic tract --> LGN of thalamus --> optic
radiations --> primary visual cortex in occipital lobe
*SENSATION*
Secondary visual pathway - CORRECT ANSWER - *PERCEPTION FOR ACTION*
Primary visual cortex, visual association cortex, multimodal association cortex
Dorsal stream and Ventral stream
Dorsal stream - CORRECT ANSWER - "Where am I"
