NURS 283 Final questions with verified answers
distribution/composition of body fluids Ans ✔✔-- 2/3 of body fluid is
ICF
- 1/3 of body fluid is ECF: interstitial (80%) and intravascular (20%)
diffusion Ans ✔✔-- solute moves from area of higher to lower
concentration
- membrane must be permeable
osmosis Ans ✔✔-movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
from lower solute to higher solute concentration
What is the most abundant plasma protein? Ans ✔✔-serum albumin
(70%)
osmotic pressure Ans ✔✔-- develops when 2 solutions are separated by a
selectively permeable membrane
- controls movement between extracellular and intracellular space
- the pulling force for water
What does a high osmotic pressure mean? Ans ✔✔-- there is a high
solute concentration
- the greater the concentration of a solution, the greater the osmotic
pressure and the greater tendency for water to move into solution
,osmolality Ans ✔✔-concentration of a solution (solute/kg of water)
osmolarity Ans ✔✔-concentration of a solution (solute/L of a solution)
True or False: osmolarity is affected by plasma proteins albumin and
electrolytes. Ans ✔✔-True
normal serum osmolality range Ans ✔✔-275-295 mOsm/L
What the major solute that contributes to plasma osmolality? Ans ✔✔-
sodium
hydrostatic pressure Ans ✔✔-pushing force of a fluid against the walls of
the space it occupies
What regulates fluid intake? Ans ✔✔-hypothalamus
kidneys Ans ✔✔-primary regulator of fluid and electrolyte balance;
influences by osmolality and hormones
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) Ans ✔✔-- released in response to
osmolality increase (loss of fluids)
- prevents diuresis, decreased urine output, water stays in the system
, What initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism? Ans ✔✔-a
decreased renal perfusion/decreased ECF volume, and low blood
pressure
Describe the process of the RAAM. Ans ✔✔-in response to a decreased
ECF/dec BP..
- renin to angiotensin I: vasoconstriction
- angiotensin I to angio II: vasoconstriction, increased blood flow to
kidneys, increased reabsorption of Na and H2O in the kidneys
- Angio II stimulates aldosterone which also promotes Na and H2O
reabsorption
- net result: increased blood volume and renal perfusion
In decreased renal perfusion what is the fluid status? Ans ✔✔-low
(hypovolemia)
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) Ans ✔✔-- secreted from atrial cells in
heart in response to atrial stretching, increase in blood volume
- acts as a diuretic that causes sodium loss and inhibits the thirst
mechanism
- increased urine output
If ANP secreted what is the fluid status? Ans ✔✔-FVE/overload
Isotonic Ans ✔✔-same osmotic pressure as body fluids
distribution/composition of body fluids Ans ✔✔-- 2/3 of body fluid is
ICF
- 1/3 of body fluid is ECF: interstitial (80%) and intravascular (20%)
diffusion Ans ✔✔-- solute moves from area of higher to lower
concentration
- membrane must be permeable
osmosis Ans ✔✔-movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
from lower solute to higher solute concentration
What is the most abundant plasma protein? Ans ✔✔-serum albumin
(70%)
osmotic pressure Ans ✔✔-- develops when 2 solutions are separated by a
selectively permeable membrane
- controls movement between extracellular and intracellular space
- the pulling force for water
What does a high osmotic pressure mean? Ans ✔✔-- there is a high
solute concentration
- the greater the concentration of a solution, the greater the osmotic
pressure and the greater tendency for water to move into solution
,osmolality Ans ✔✔-concentration of a solution (solute/kg of water)
osmolarity Ans ✔✔-concentration of a solution (solute/L of a solution)
True or False: osmolarity is affected by plasma proteins albumin and
electrolytes. Ans ✔✔-True
normal serum osmolality range Ans ✔✔-275-295 mOsm/L
What the major solute that contributes to plasma osmolality? Ans ✔✔-
sodium
hydrostatic pressure Ans ✔✔-pushing force of a fluid against the walls of
the space it occupies
What regulates fluid intake? Ans ✔✔-hypothalamus
kidneys Ans ✔✔-primary regulator of fluid and electrolyte balance;
influences by osmolality and hormones
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) Ans ✔✔-- released in response to
osmolality increase (loss of fluids)
- prevents diuresis, decreased urine output, water stays in the system
, What initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism? Ans ✔✔-a
decreased renal perfusion/decreased ECF volume, and low blood
pressure
Describe the process of the RAAM. Ans ✔✔-in response to a decreased
ECF/dec BP..
- renin to angiotensin I: vasoconstriction
- angiotensin I to angio II: vasoconstriction, increased blood flow to
kidneys, increased reabsorption of Na and H2O in the kidneys
- Angio II stimulates aldosterone which also promotes Na and H2O
reabsorption
- net result: increased blood volume and renal perfusion
In decreased renal perfusion what is the fluid status? Ans ✔✔-low
(hypovolemia)
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) Ans ✔✔-- secreted from atrial cells in
heart in response to atrial stretching, increase in blood volume
- acts as a diuretic that causes sodium loss and inhibits the thirst
mechanism
- increased urine output
If ANP secreted what is the fluid status? Ans ✔✔-FVE/overload
Isotonic Ans ✔✔-same osmotic pressure as body fluids
