DELTA MODULE 1 Exam/ 994 Questions with
Certified Solutions/ 2024-2025.
Test-Teach-Test - Answer: A lesson design in which learners first perform a task, which the
teacher uses to assess learners' specific needs. They are then taught whatever they need in
order to re-do the task more effectively.
modality - Answer: The lexical and grammatical ways used by speakers to express their attitude
to what they're saying. For example: Maybe Sarah is a chef. (lexical _______: adverb)
cohesion - Answer: The use of grammatical and lexical means to achieve connected text, either
spoken or written.
intake - Answer: Language in the input learners are exposed to which they notice and
internalise.
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,integrative motivation - Answer: Learning a language because of its value in helping to integrate
with speakers of that language.
interactional language - Answer: Used mainly for the purpose of social communication.
interlanguage - Answer: The language produced by a second language learner. It may have
some features of the first language and some features of the second language. It continually
changes as the learner revises his/her internalised rule system.
Example: in English an adjective appears before the noun it modifies, while in French the
adjective usually comes after the noun. So a French native speaker could say a fish green
instead of a green fish.
learner autonomy - Answer: The ability of the learner to take responsibility for his/her own
learning and to plan, organise and monitor the learning process independently of the teacher.
learner training - Answer: A classroom process organised by the teacher which prepares
learners for moves towards learner autonomy.
linear syllabus - Answer: A step-by-step syllabus which moves from one language item to
another in orderly progression, usually from simple to complex.
linguistic competence - Answer: A knowledge of spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary, word
formation, grammatical structure, sentence structure and meaning.
local errors - Answer: Errors which relate to only part of a message and do not prevent
comprehension.
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,local revision - Answer: Revision of small or "surface" errors in a written text (punctuation or
grammar), as opposed to revision of larger errors of text structure.
long-term memory - Answer: the relatively permanent part of the memory system.
metacognitive strategies - Answer: Strategies used by learners to plan, regulate and monitor
their learning.
Example: highlighting important information
mistakes - Answer: Faulty language output caused by affective factors (tiredness) or
environmental factors (responding to partly heard messages).
modular syllabus - Answer: A syllabus designed in units of material (or modules) based on
language or content, which can be studied in any order.
multidimensional syllabus - Answer: A syllabus based on the integration of a number of
organising principles.
Example: structures, functions, vocabulary and skills
natural order hypothesis - Answer: the idea that children learning their first language acquire
grammatical structures in a pre-determined, 'natural' order, and that some are acquired earlier
than others. This idea has been extended to account for second language acquisition in
Krashen's theory of language acquisition.
Example: According to this hypothesis, learners acquire the grammatical morpheme -ing before
the morpheme third person -s.
skimming - Answer: reading a text quickly to get a general idea of meaning.
Example: On a reading exam, looking at the title, introductions, and any diagrams and sub-
headings, then skim reading to get a clear general idea of what the text is about.
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, noticing - Answer: This occurs when a learner pays conscious attention to an item of language,
paying special attention to its form, use and meaning.
Example: A learner might make an error in the use of a preposition, but "notice" its correct use
by another learner, or in an authentic text. This might allow them to begin to use it correctly.
operating strategy - Answer: A cognitive strategy used in dealing with, and trying to make sense
of, new language.
Example: paying attention to the endings of words
paradigmatic relations - Answer: a relation between elements replaceable with each other at a
particular place in a structure or between one element present and the others absent
Example: The ___ had a thorn in its paw. We can choose "lion" and replace it with "dog"
pragmatic competence - Answer: Knowing how to express an intention clearly and in a way
which is appropriate both to the person to whom it is expressed and the setting in which it is
expressed.
pragmatics - Answer: The study of the real use of language in relation to context, language user
and topic.
prior knowledge - Answer: another term for schematic knowledge; Knowledge, gained from
experience, of the way the world is organised which is held as mental representations in the
mind.
product approaches - Answer: Approaches which view the methodology of a writing class as
having the main aim of focusing the learners' attention on how texts are structured and how to
reproduce those structures.
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Certified Solutions/ 2024-2025.
Test-Teach-Test - Answer: A lesson design in which learners first perform a task, which the
teacher uses to assess learners' specific needs. They are then taught whatever they need in
order to re-do the task more effectively.
modality - Answer: The lexical and grammatical ways used by speakers to express their attitude
to what they're saying. For example: Maybe Sarah is a chef. (lexical _______: adverb)
cohesion - Answer: The use of grammatical and lexical means to achieve connected text, either
spoken or written.
intake - Answer: Language in the input learners are exposed to which they notice and
internalise.
Page 1 of 125
,integrative motivation - Answer: Learning a language because of its value in helping to integrate
with speakers of that language.
interactional language - Answer: Used mainly for the purpose of social communication.
interlanguage - Answer: The language produced by a second language learner. It may have
some features of the first language and some features of the second language. It continually
changes as the learner revises his/her internalised rule system.
Example: in English an adjective appears before the noun it modifies, while in French the
adjective usually comes after the noun. So a French native speaker could say a fish green
instead of a green fish.
learner autonomy - Answer: The ability of the learner to take responsibility for his/her own
learning and to plan, organise and monitor the learning process independently of the teacher.
learner training - Answer: A classroom process organised by the teacher which prepares
learners for moves towards learner autonomy.
linear syllabus - Answer: A step-by-step syllabus which moves from one language item to
another in orderly progression, usually from simple to complex.
linguistic competence - Answer: A knowledge of spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary, word
formation, grammatical structure, sentence structure and meaning.
local errors - Answer: Errors which relate to only part of a message and do not prevent
comprehension.
Page 2 of 125
,local revision - Answer: Revision of small or "surface" errors in a written text (punctuation or
grammar), as opposed to revision of larger errors of text structure.
long-term memory - Answer: the relatively permanent part of the memory system.
metacognitive strategies - Answer: Strategies used by learners to plan, regulate and monitor
their learning.
Example: highlighting important information
mistakes - Answer: Faulty language output caused by affective factors (tiredness) or
environmental factors (responding to partly heard messages).
modular syllabus - Answer: A syllabus designed in units of material (or modules) based on
language or content, which can be studied in any order.
multidimensional syllabus - Answer: A syllabus based on the integration of a number of
organising principles.
Example: structures, functions, vocabulary and skills
natural order hypothesis - Answer: the idea that children learning their first language acquire
grammatical structures in a pre-determined, 'natural' order, and that some are acquired earlier
than others. This idea has been extended to account for second language acquisition in
Krashen's theory of language acquisition.
Example: According to this hypothesis, learners acquire the grammatical morpheme -ing before
the morpheme third person -s.
skimming - Answer: reading a text quickly to get a general idea of meaning.
Example: On a reading exam, looking at the title, introductions, and any diagrams and sub-
headings, then skim reading to get a clear general idea of what the text is about.
Page 3 of 125
, noticing - Answer: This occurs when a learner pays conscious attention to an item of language,
paying special attention to its form, use and meaning.
Example: A learner might make an error in the use of a preposition, but "notice" its correct use
by another learner, or in an authentic text. This might allow them to begin to use it correctly.
operating strategy - Answer: A cognitive strategy used in dealing with, and trying to make sense
of, new language.
Example: paying attention to the endings of words
paradigmatic relations - Answer: a relation between elements replaceable with each other at a
particular place in a structure or between one element present and the others absent
Example: The ___ had a thorn in its paw. We can choose "lion" and replace it with "dog"
pragmatic competence - Answer: Knowing how to express an intention clearly and in a way
which is appropriate both to the person to whom it is expressed and the setting in which it is
expressed.
pragmatics - Answer: The study of the real use of language in relation to context, language user
and topic.
prior knowledge - Answer: another term for schematic knowledge; Knowledge, gained from
experience, of the way the world is organised which is held as mental representations in the
mind.
product approaches - Answer: Approaches which view the methodology of a writing class as
having the main aim of focusing the learners' attention on how texts are structured and how to
reproduce those structures.
Page 4 of 125
