PUBLIC SPEAKING - EXAM 2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
When developing supporting material, offer EXAMPLES: - Answer-1. Brief
2. Extended
3. Hypothetical
Brief Examples: - Answer-Offer a single illustration of a point
Extended Examples: - Answer-Offer multifaceted illustrations of the idea
Hypothetical Examples: - Answer-Making a point about something that could happen in
the future if certain events were to occur.
Expert testimony: - Answer-includes findings, eyewitness accounts, or opinions from
professionals
Lay testimony: - Answer-testimony given by nonexperts
Statistics (quantified evidence that summarizes, compares or predicts things) - Answer-
1. Frequencies
2. Percentages
3. Averages
Frequencies: - Answer-a count of the number of times something occurs
Percentage: - Answer-is the quantified portion of a whole
Averages: - Answer-describes information according to its typical characteristics
Functions of an Introduction: - Answer-1)Catch attention
2)Reveal Topic
3)Establish credibility
4)Preview Main points
Ways to catch attention in an Introduction: - Answer-1. Use a quote
2. Tell a story
3. Pose questions
4. Relate unusual information
5. Use humor
6. Refer to the audience/occasion
Strive for simplicity: - Answer-avoid jargon
, Rules of simplicity: - Answer--follow 8x8 rule
-state points in short phrases
-parallel structure
-concise titles
-avoid cluttering
Use personal pronouns in the - Answer-interactive speech pattern
Abstract language - Answer-is general, or non-specific, leaving meaning open to
interpretation.
Concrete language - Answer-conveys meaning that is specific, tangible and definite.
Figures of speech are expressions in which words are used in a non-literal fashion to
achieve a rhetorical effect. (Ex. "chain of segregation") - Answer-1. Simile
2. Metaphor
3. Anaphora
4. Alliteration
Simile: - Answer-compares one thing to another (Ex. He works like a dog.)
Metaphor: - Answer-compares two things but does so by describing one thing as
actually being the other (Ex. Education is an uphill climb)
Anaphora: - Answer-speaker repeats a word or phrase (Ex. I have a dream)
Alliteration: - Answer-repetition of the same sounds, usually initial consonants (Ex. Peter
Piper picked a peck...)
There are 4 methods of delivery: - Answer-1. Speaking from Manuscript
2. Speaking from Memory
3. Speaking Impromptu
4. Speaking Extemporaneously
Speaking from a Manuscript - Answer-reading a speech verbatim, word for word
Speaking from Memory (formal name is Oratory) - Answer-put the entire speech, word
for word into writing, then commit it to memory
Speaking Impromptu - Answer-spontaneous, or improvised; involves speaking on short
notice
Speaking Extemporaneously - Answer-falls somewhere between impromptu and written
or memorized deliveries
Use your voice like a tool; vocal characteristics: - Answer--volume
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
When developing supporting material, offer EXAMPLES: - Answer-1. Brief
2. Extended
3. Hypothetical
Brief Examples: - Answer-Offer a single illustration of a point
Extended Examples: - Answer-Offer multifaceted illustrations of the idea
Hypothetical Examples: - Answer-Making a point about something that could happen in
the future if certain events were to occur.
Expert testimony: - Answer-includes findings, eyewitness accounts, or opinions from
professionals
Lay testimony: - Answer-testimony given by nonexperts
Statistics (quantified evidence that summarizes, compares or predicts things) - Answer-
1. Frequencies
2. Percentages
3. Averages
Frequencies: - Answer-a count of the number of times something occurs
Percentage: - Answer-is the quantified portion of a whole
Averages: - Answer-describes information according to its typical characteristics
Functions of an Introduction: - Answer-1)Catch attention
2)Reveal Topic
3)Establish credibility
4)Preview Main points
Ways to catch attention in an Introduction: - Answer-1. Use a quote
2. Tell a story
3. Pose questions
4. Relate unusual information
5. Use humor
6. Refer to the audience/occasion
Strive for simplicity: - Answer-avoid jargon
, Rules of simplicity: - Answer--follow 8x8 rule
-state points in short phrases
-parallel structure
-concise titles
-avoid cluttering
Use personal pronouns in the - Answer-interactive speech pattern
Abstract language - Answer-is general, or non-specific, leaving meaning open to
interpretation.
Concrete language - Answer-conveys meaning that is specific, tangible and definite.
Figures of speech are expressions in which words are used in a non-literal fashion to
achieve a rhetorical effect. (Ex. "chain of segregation") - Answer-1. Simile
2. Metaphor
3. Anaphora
4. Alliteration
Simile: - Answer-compares one thing to another (Ex. He works like a dog.)
Metaphor: - Answer-compares two things but does so by describing one thing as
actually being the other (Ex. Education is an uphill climb)
Anaphora: - Answer-speaker repeats a word or phrase (Ex. I have a dream)
Alliteration: - Answer-repetition of the same sounds, usually initial consonants (Ex. Peter
Piper picked a peck...)
There are 4 methods of delivery: - Answer-1. Speaking from Manuscript
2. Speaking from Memory
3. Speaking Impromptu
4. Speaking Extemporaneously
Speaking from a Manuscript - Answer-reading a speech verbatim, word for word
Speaking from Memory (formal name is Oratory) - Answer-put the entire speech, word
for word into writing, then commit it to memory
Speaking Impromptu - Answer-spontaneous, or improvised; involves speaking on short
notice
Speaking Extemporaneously - Answer-falls somewhere between impromptu and written
or memorized deliveries
Use your voice like a tool; vocal characteristics: - Answer--volume
