Exam 3: Biology 1010 – SLCC UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers

Exam 3: Biology 1010 – SLCC UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
How many chromosomes do humans have? - CORRECT ANSWER - 46 (23 pairs)



What is an autosome? - CORRECT ANSWER - Any chromosome that is not a sex
chromosome


How many autosomes do humans have? - CORRECT ANSWER - 22 pairs (44)



What are sex chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - chromosomes that determine the
sex of an organism


How many sex chromosomes do humans have? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1 pair (2
chromosomes)


What is a diploid cell? - CORRECT ANSWER - A cell with two sets of chromosomes (2n)
ex. 46 chromosomes


What is a haploid cell? - CORRECT ANSWER - a cell that contains one set of
chromosomes (n)
ex. 23 chromosomes


What is a homologues? - CORRECT ANSWER - members of a pair of chromosomes



What is a homologous chromosome? - CORRECT ANSWER - one of two paired
chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location

,What is the cell cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER - an orderly set of stages that take place
between the time a eukaryotic cell divides and the time the resulting daughter cells also divide
(mitosis)


What happens before the next division? (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER - the cell grows
larger, number of organelles double, DNA is replicated


What are the two major stages of the cell cycle? (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Interphase (includes several stages) - cell growing
Mitotic stage (includes mitosis and cytokinesis) - division of the nucleus


Most of the cell cycle is spent in what stage? (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Interphase (growing stage), but varies by cell type
ex. skill cells will stay in this phase a lot, nerve cells will not


How long does interphase last for adult mammalian cells? (mitosis) - CORRECT
ANSWER - about 20 hours, which is 90% of the cell cycle



What are the three stages of interphase? (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER - G1, S, G2



What happens during G1 stage? (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER - the cell grows and
synthesizes many enzymes and nutrients for later during DNA replication


What is each double helix called? - CORRECT ANSWER - chromatid



What are two identical chromatids called? - CORRECT ANSWER - sister chromatids



How many chromosomes enter S phase? (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1 chromatid
each

, How many chromosomes leave S phase? (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER - 2 identical
chromatids (sister chromatids) each


What happens during G2 stage? (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER - cell synthesizes
proteins (happens between DNA replication and onset of mitosis)


What stage does the cell going into after interphase? (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER -M
stage


What stages go under the M stage? (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER - mitosis (nuclear
division) and cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)


During mitosis, daughter chromosomes are distributed by what? - CORRECT ANSWER -
mitotic spindle


How many checkpoints are there in the cell cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER - three



What are cyclins? - CORRECT ANSWER - signaling proteins used at checkpoints that
increase and decrease as the cell cycle continues


Where are the checkpoints in the cell cycle? (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER - G1 stage,
G2 stage, and M stage


What is a signal? - CORRECT ANSWER - a molecule that influences the activities of a
cell


What is the primary checkpoint of the cell cycle? (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER - G1
checkpoint


What is the signaling protein in mammalian cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - p53 (stops the
cycle at the G1 checkpoint when DNA is damaged)