SLCC: Human Physiology exam 4 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers

SLCC: Human Physiology exam 4
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Internal (cellular) Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER - The use of O2 within
mitochondria to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, and the production of CO2 as a
waste product


External Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER - Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the
atmosphere and body tissues.


upper airways - CORRECT ANSWER - airways in head and neck, to pharynx



Respiratory Tract (Lower airways) - CORRECT ANSWER - Pharynx to the lungs,
Includes conducting zone and respiratory zone.


Conducting Zone - CORRECT ANSWER - Conducts air from larynx to the lungs. contains
mucous escalator. (Larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles)


Mucous escalator - CORRECT ANSWER - Goblet cells secrete mucus that traps particles
and coats airways, cilia propel mucus to the pharynx where it is swallowed


Respiratory zone - CORRECT ANSWER - lower respiratory tract, sites for gas exchange.
contains 300 million alveoli (Respiratory bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveoli)


Type I cells (alveolar) - CORRECT ANSWER - Wall of alveoli, single layer of simple
squamous epithelium


Type II cells (alveolar) - CORRECT ANSWER - Secrete surfactant

,Alveolar Macrophage - CORRECT ANSWER - immune defense in the alveoli



gas exchange - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood in capillaries meets air in alveoli at
respiratory membrane where simple diffusion occurs


Thoracic Cavity - CORRECT ANSWER - rib cage, intercostals, diaphragm, pleura,
sternum, thoracic vertebrae


Intercostal muscles - CORRECT ANSWER - Increase volume of chest cavity



Diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER - Muscle, Bell shaped higher center. Pulls downward
and makes thoracic cavity taller.


visceral pleura - CORRECT ANSWER - portion of pleural sac connected to the lung tissue



Parietal Pleura - CORRECT ANSWER - Portion of pleural sac connected to thoracic wall



inter-pleural space - CORRECT ANSWER - fluid filled potential space between pleural
membranes.


Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) - CORRECT ANSWER - Volume of air in lungs
between breaths. All forces acting across lungs and chest wall are balanced, and system is in
steady state.


forces for pulmonary ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER - air flow driven by pressure
gradients.
4 types of pressure:
Atmospheric Pressure
Intra-alveolar pressure
intra-pleural pressure

, transpulmonary pressure


atmospheric pressure - CORRECT ANSWER - (P_atm) pressure of outside air. 760 mmHg
at sea level. atmospheric pressure decreases as elevation increases. All other lung pressures are
relative to atmospheric pressure.


intra-alveolar pressure - CORRECT ANSWER - (P_alv) pressure of air in alveoli. At rest
(FRC) pressure is 0 mmHg. when pressure is less/greater than atmospheric pressure
inspiration/expiration occurs respectively.


intra-pleural pressure - CORRECT ANSWER - (P_ip) pressure inside the pleural space



transpulmonary pressure - CORRECT ANSWER - (P_alv-P_ip) difference between intra-
pleural pressure and intra-alveolar pressure


Boyles Law - CORRECT ANSWER - For any gas, pressure is inversely related to the
volume of container.


Ideal Gas Law - CORRECT ANSWER - PV=nRT & P=nRT/V


P=pressure
V=volume
n=moles
R=constant
T=temperature


inspiration - CORRECT ANSWER - external intercostals contract, alveoli expand,
pressure decreases. decreased pressure causes air to move into alveloi


expiration - CORRECT ANSWER - alveolar pressure increases and air volume decreases