SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 3 GUIDE
FROM CATT86 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
3 Second Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER - Check wrist pulse ask them to take a deep
breath and move their foot
Airways
Breathing
Circulation
Decrease in neurological function
Arteriosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER - An INFLAMMATORY PROCESS that causes
abnormal thickening and hardening of arterial wall from deposition of collagen into vessel wall
leads to diminished distensability.
Atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER - is the narrowing of the artery because of plaque
build-up. It is a form of arteriosclerosis resulting from fat being deposited in vessel wall that
reduce lumen size.
Steps of Atherosclerosis Development - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Ulceration of vessel-
tear arterial wall
2. Fatty streak
3. Fibrous plaque
4. Complicated lesion (Thrombosis)
5. Thrombus to Embolus-could result in everything from localized tissue necrosis to death from a
pulmonary embolism that lodges in the lungs
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Etiology: atherosclerosis,
vasospasm, thrombi
Incidence: 50% all deaths (35% deaths in 35-65 year old)
,Pathophysiology: coronary artery occlusion → decreased myocardial perfusion → myocardial
ischemia → angina → ischemia persists (>20 minutes) → ischemic cells are injured → injured
cells necrosis (Myocardial infarction) → myocardium scars over dead tissue dead tissue will not
conduct electrical current → NO HEART BEAT! (this results in abnormal EKG readings).
Risk Factors Coronary Artery Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - Non-modifiable - age
>60, gender especially male, genetic predisposition, Type I Diabetes
Modifiable - hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol), hypertension, smoking, obesity, sedentary
lifestyle, Type II Diabetes.
DVT - CORRECT ANSWER - RISK FACTORS: Prior history of a DVT (**this is the #1
highest risk factor**); Pregnancy;
sitting for long periods (i.e., driving/flying); desk job; Birth control pills; obesity; smoking.
Pathophysiology: hemostasis→ activation of intrinsic clotting cascade → thrombus formation
that is the source of blood clots that break off and travel to different parts of the body (emboli) -
usually to lungs and causing P.E. (pulmonary emboli).
S/S: tenderness, swelling, redness/warmth in affected leg (when compared to other leg)
Rx: anticoagulants (like Heparin, Coumadin, Plavix or Lovenox) and prevention
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker - CORRECT ANSWER - Drug Therapy: ARB
*end in -in
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - Drug Therapy: ACE Inhibitor
Beta blocker - CORRECT ANSWER - Drug Therapy: Blocks beta receptors I (heart) & II
(lungs). Heart slows down and lowers blood pressure. Causes lungs to bronco-dilate and causes
coughing.
*End in -olol
Diltiazem, Niphedipine, Verapamil - CORRECT ANSWER - Drug Therapy: Calcium
Channel Blockers (D, N, V)
, furosemide (Lasix), hydroclorthiazide (HcTz), spironolactone (Spares K+) - CORRECT
ANSWER - Drug Therapy: Diuretics (F (Lasix), H, S)
Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - Heart failure may affect the RIGHT side of the
heart (right ventricle),
the LEFT side (left ventricle), or BOTH sides. Coronary artery disease is the most common
cause of heart failure in the United States
Right Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - left-sided heart failure and lung diseases
such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, congenital heart disease, clots in pulmonary arteries,
pulmonary hypertension, and heart valve disease
S/S Right Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - swelling of feet and ankles
Shortness of breath
Distended Jugular (neck) veins
Irregular fast heartbeat
Fatigue
Weakness
Fainting
Nocturia
Palpitations
Heart Failure Triggers - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased intake of fluids or salt
Fever
Infections
Anemia
Blockage in the coronary arteries
Arrhythmias
FROM CATT86 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
3 Second Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER - Check wrist pulse ask them to take a deep
breath and move their foot
Airways
Breathing
Circulation
Decrease in neurological function
Arteriosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER - An INFLAMMATORY PROCESS that causes
abnormal thickening and hardening of arterial wall from deposition of collagen into vessel wall
leads to diminished distensability.
Atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER - is the narrowing of the artery because of plaque
build-up. It is a form of arteriosclerosis resulting from fat being deposited in vessel wall that
reduce lumen size.
Steps of Atherosclerosis Development - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Ulceration of vessel-
tear arterial wall
2. Fatty streak
3. Fibrous plaque
4. Complicated lesion (Thrombosis)
5. Thrombus to Embolus-could result in everything from localized tissue necrosis to death from a
pulmonary embolism that lodges in the lungs
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Etiology: atherosclerosis,
vasospasm, thrombi
Incidence: 50% all deaths (35% deaths in 35-65 year old)
,Pathophysiology: coronary artery occlusion → decreased myocardial perfusion → myocardial
ischemia → angina → ischemia persists (>20 minutes) → ischemic cells are injured → injured
cells necrosis (Myocardial infarction) → myocardium scars over dead tissue dead tissue will not
conduct electrical current → NO HEART BEAT! (this results in abnormal EKG readings).
Risk Factors Coronary Artery Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - Non-modifiable - age
>60, gender especially male, genetic predisposition, Type I Diabetes
Modifiable - hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol), hypertension, smoking, obesity, sedentary
lifestyle, Type II Diabetes.
DVT - CORRECT ANSWER - RISK FACTORS: Prior history of a DVT (**this is the #1
highest risk factor**); Pregnancy;
sitting for long periods (i.e., driving/flying); desk job; Birth control pills; obesity; smoking.
Pathophysiology: hemostasis→ activation of intrinsic clotting cascade → thrombus formation
that is the source of blood clots that break off and travel to different parts of the body (emboli) -
usually to lungs and causing P.E. (pulmonary emboli).
S/S: tenderness, swelling, redness/warmth in affected leg (when compared to other leg)
Rx: anticoagulants (like Heparin, Coumadin, Plavix or Lovenox) and prevention
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker - CORRECT ANSWER - Drug Therapy: ARB
*end in -in
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - Drug Therapy: ACE Inhibitor
Beta blocker - CORRECT ANSWER - Drug Therapy: Blocks beta receptors I (heart) & II
(lungs). Heart slows down and lowers blood pressure. Causes lungs to bronco-dilate and causes
coughing.
*End in -olol
Diltiazem, Niphedipine, Verapamil - CORRECT ANSWER - Drug Therapy: Calcium
Channel Blockers (D, N, V)
, furosemide (Lasix), hydroclorthiazide (HcTz), spironolactone (Spares K+) - CORRECT
ANSWER - Drug Therapy: Diuretics (F (Lasix), H, S)
Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - Heart failure may affect the RIGHT side of the
heart (right ventricle),
the LEFT side (left ventricle), or BOTH sides. Coronary artery disease is the most common
cause of heart failure in the United States
Right Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - left-sided heart failure and lung diseases
such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, congenital heart disease, clots in pulmonary arteries,
pulmonary hypertension, and heart valve disease
S/S Right Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWER - swelling of feet and ankles
Shortness of breath
Distended Jugular (neck) veins
Irregular fast heartbeat
Fatigue
Weakness
Fainting
Nocturia
Palpitations
Heart Failure Triggers - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased intake of fluids or salt
Fever
Infections
Anemia
Blockage in the coronary arteries
Arrhythmias
