C273 WGU - Intro to Sociology Pre-Assessment Exam
Questions and 100% Verified Answers
1. Primary group: small group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face
association and cooperation.
2. secondary group: a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific
goal or activity
3. In-Group: a group toward which one feels loyalty
4. Out-Group: a group toward which one feels antagonism
5. Dyad: group of two
6. Which social theorist was the first to analyze bureaucracies as powerful forms of
social organization that are concerned with the "bottom line"?: Max Weber
7. Role Strain: Conflict someone feels within a role
Suppose that you are exceptionally well prepared for a particular class assignment. Although
the instructor asks an unusually difficult question, you find yourself knowing the answer when
no one else does. If you want to raise your hand, yet don't want to make your fellow students
look bad, you will experience role strain.
8. was interested in how societies manage to create social integration
—their members united by shared values and other social bonds. He found the answer in
what he called mechanical solidarity.: Sociologist Emile Durkheim
9. mechanical solidarity: Durkheim's term for the unity (a shared consciousness) that
people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks
10. division of labor: the splitting of a group's or a society's tasks into specialties
11. organic solidarity: Durkheim's term for the interdependence that results from the
,division of labor; as part of the same unit, we all depend on others to fulfill their jobs
12. Which type of influence could convince people to participate in horrible acts
according to Milgram's research?: Authority
13. What is the position conflict theorists have regarding deviance?: Deviant behavior is
defined by those with power
14. Deviance: violation of the norms
15. How is deviance culturally relative?: Applies to crimes, sexuality and capital- ism
16. Biosocial perspective on deviance: Explained deviance by looking within
individuals. Assume genetic predispositions lead people to bad behavior.
17. Psychological perspective on deviance: Abnormalities within an individual.
Personality disorder. Subconscious motives drive people to deviance.
, 18. Sociological perspective on deviance: Look at factors outside of the individ- ual. Look
for social influences that "recruit people" to break the norms. To explain deviance, they
apply symbolic interactionalism, functionalism and conflict theory.
19. Three Sociological Perspectives on Deviance: Differential association theory Control
Theory
Labeling Theory
20. Differential association theory: theory that individuals learn deviance in pro- portion to
number of deviant acts they are exposed to
21. Control Theory: the idea that two control systems- inner controls and outer controls-
work against our tendencies to deviate. This theory is about self control
22. Labeling Theory: The significance of reputations and how they set us up on paths to
deviance or away from it.
Pervert - Cheater - Etc
23. Strain Theory: Merton's theory that deviance occurs when a society does not give all its
members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals
24. Use strain theory to explain why someone may commit the crime of selling drugs:
Selling Drugs = Money
Money = Success Success =
Cultural Goal
25. Grade Inflation: higher grades given for the same work; a general rise in student grades
without a corresponding increase in learning
26. What is the latent function of education institutions in the US?: Encourage- ment of
teamwork
Questions and 100% Verified Answers
1. Primary group: small group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face
association and cooperation.
2. secondary group: a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific
goal or activity
3. In-Group: a group toward which one feels loyalty
4. Out-Group: a group toward which one feels antagonism
5. Dyad: group of two
6. Which social theorist was the first to analyze bureaucracies as powerful forms of
social organization that are concerned with the "bottom line"?: Max Weber
7. Role Strain: Conflict someone feels within a role
Suppose that you are exceptionally well prepared for a particular class assignment. Although
the instructor asks an unusually difficult question, you find yourself knowing the answer when
no one else does. If you want to raise your hand, yet don't want to make your fellow students
look bad, you will experience role strain.
8. was interested in how societies manage to create social integration
—their members united by shared values and other social bonds. He found the answer in
what he called mechanical solidarity.: Sociologist Emile Durkheim
9. mechanical solidarity: Durkheim's term for the unity (a shared consciousness) that
people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks
10. division of labor: the splitting of a group's or a society's tasks into specialties
11. organic solidarity: Durkheim's term for the interdependence that results from the
,division of labor; as part of the same unit, we all depend on others to fulfill their jobs
12. Which type of influence could convince people to participate in horrible acts
according to Milgram's research?: Authority
13. What is the position conflict theorists have regarding deviance?: Deviant behavior is
defined by those with power
14. Deviance: violation of the norms
15. How is deviance culturally relative?: Applies to crimes, sexuality and capital- ism
16. Biosocial perspective on deviance: Explained deviance by looking within
individuals. Assume genetic predispositions lead people to bad behavior.
17. Psychological perspective on deviance: Abnormalities within an individual.
Personality disorder. Subconscious motives drive people to deviance.
, 18. Sociological perspective on deviance: Look at factors outside of the individ- ual. Look
for social influences that "recruit people" to break the norms. To explain deviance, they
apply symbolic interactionalism, functionalism and conflict theory.
19. Three Sociological Perspectives on Deviance: Differential association theory Control
Theory
Labeling Theory
20. Differential association theory: theory that individuals learn deviance in pro- portion to
number of deviant acts they are exposed to
21. Control Theory: the idea that two control systems- inner controls and outer controls-
work against our tendencies to deviate. This theory is about self control
22. Labeling Theory: The significance of reputations and how they set us up on paths to
deviance or away from it.
Pervert - Cheater - Etc
23. Strain Theory: Merton's theory that deviance occurs when a society does not give all its
members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals
24. Use strain theory to explain why someone may commit the crime of selling drugs:
Selling Drugs = Money
Money = Success Success =
Cultural Goal
25. Grade Inflation: higher grades given for the same work; a general rise in student grades
without a corresponding increase in learning
26. What is the latent function of education institutions in the US?: Encourage- ment of
teamwork
