EXSC 223 Exam 1 Dr. Thompson
Questions and Answers 100% Solved |
Graded A+
4 essential concepts in physiology - ✔✔Principle of complementarity, uses
gradients, regulates protein function by regulating its shape, and negative
feedback is essential for homeostasis
Principle of Complementarity - ✔✔structure determines function
physiology uses gradients - ✔✔Level/difference of two points; everything
moves high to low unless manufactured for vice versa
Regulates protein function by regulating its shape - ✔✔protein, made of
amino acids folded in certain shapes, the shapes determine what the
protein does; If the shape is altered so is the function
Negative feedback is essential to homeostasis - ✔✔homeostasis is
dynamic state; strive to achieve it; prevents us from exaggerated
responses that aren't helpful
Example of Negative feedback regulation - ✔✔sodium potassium pump
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Example of physiology using gradients - ✔✔sodium potassium pump and
circulatory system
cell theory - ✔✔basic structure and functioning units of living organisms,
principle of complementarity, and continuity of life
Eukaryotes share what 3 major parts? - ✔✔nucleus, cytoplasm, and
plasma membrane
Cytoplasm is made up of - ✔✔fluid (cytosol) and organelles
Erythrocytes are shaped because - ✔✔They have no nucleus
Skeletal muscle - ✔✔long cylinder like tubes; long large cells
Smooth muscle - ✔✔small cells, can't see with naked eye
Cytoskeletal elements - ✔✔microfilaments, intermediate filaments,
microtubules
What cells do daily - ✔✔segregate, transport and digest, distinguish self
from non-self, support from cytoskeleton, cell to cell adhesion,
build/remodel/demolish, replicate
Key Elements of Plasma membrane - ✔✔very flexible, not super stable;
fluid mosaic model, and phospholipid bilayer
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, fluid mosaic model - ✔✔proteins embedded in the membrane; gives the
membrane increased integrity/stability
phospholipids - ✔✔made up of glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a
phosphate group; interacts with water and fats
cholesterol in membrane - ✔✔embedded in the bilayer, works to stabilize
the membrane in hot/cold temps
How cholesterol is embedded in the membrane - ✔✔A region is hydrophilic
that lets its hide between the phospholipids
Temperature effects on cholesterol - ✔✔High temperature results in less
fluid like; low temperature makes it more fluid like/flexibile
What are glycolipids? - ✔✔phospholipids with sugar residues attached;
always on the extracellular side
Function of glycolipid in the membrane - ✔✔Sugars are hydrophilic, water
attracts to keep the cell wet
integral membrane proteins - ✔✔transmembrane, hydrophobic, and
hydrophilic regions; has many functions but some are channels and pores
peripheral proteins - ✔✔attached to integral proteins, aren't in the
membrane and can be on either cytosolic or interstitial side
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Questions and Answers 100% Solved |
Graded A+
4 essential concepts in physiology - ✔✔Principle of complementarity, uses
gradients, regulates protein function by regulating its shape, and negative
feedback is essential for homeostasis
Principle of Complementarity - ✔✔structure determines function
physiology uses gradients - ✔✔Level/difference of two points; everything
moves high to low unless manufactured for vice versa
Regulates protein function by regulating its shape - ✔✔protein, made of
amino acids folded in certain shapes, the shapes determine what the
protein does; If the shape is altered so is the function
Negative feedback is essential to homeostasis - ✔✔homeostasis is
dynamic state; strive to achieve it; prevents us from exaggerated
responses that aren't helpful
Example of Negative feedback regulation - ✔✔sodium potassium pump
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Example of physiology using gradients - ✔✔sodium potassium pump and
circulatory system
cell theory - ✔✔basic structure and functioning units of living organisms,
principle of complementarity, and continuity of life
Eukaryotes share what 3 major parts? - ✔✔nucleus, cytoplasm, and
plasma membrane
Cytoplasm is made up of - ✔✔fluid (cytosol) and organelles
Erythrocytes are shaped because - ✔✔They have no nucleus
Skeletal muscle - ✔✔long cylinder like tubes; long large cells
Smooth muscle - ✔✔small cells, can't see with naked eye
Cytoskeletal elements - ✔✔microfilaments, intermediate filaments,
microtubules
What cells do daily - ✔✔segregate, transport and digest, distinguish self
from non-self, support from cytoskeleton, cell to cell adhesion,
build/remodel/demolish, replicate
Key Elements of Plasma membrane - ✔✔very flexible, not super stable;
fluid mosaic model, and phospholipid bilayer
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, fluid mosaic model - ✔✔proteins embedded in the membrane; gives the
membrane increased integrity/stability
phospholipids - ✔✔made up of glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a
phosphate group; interacts with water and fats
cholesterol in membrane - ✔✔embedded in the bilayer, works to stabilize
the membrane in hot/cold temps
How cholesterol is embedded in the membrane - ✔✔A region is hydrophilic
that lets its hide between the phospholipids
Temperature effects on cholesterol - ✔✔High temperature results in less
fluid like; low temperature makes it more fluid like/flexibile
What are glycolipids? - ✔✔phospholipids with sugar residues attached;
always on the extracellular side
Function of glycolipid in the membrane - ✔✔Sugars are hydrophilic, water
attracts to keep the cell wet
integral membrane proteins - ✔✔transmembrane, hydrophobic, and
hydrophilic regions; has many functions but some are channels and pores
peripheral proteins - ✔✔attached to integral proteins, aren't in the
membrane and can be on either cytosolic or interstitial side
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
