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MUST KNOW – HEMA EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
PASS
Hematology - ✔✔Greek:
-Haima = Blood
-Logos = Study/science
EDTA (Lavender top) - ✔✔Chelates calcium
Inversion: 8x
Anticoagulant of choice for hematology cell counts and cell morphology Blood smear: prepare w/in 2 hrs
Preferred anticoagulant for platelet count:
= In some patients w/ EDTA anticoagulated blood - platelet satellitism = Platelet satellitism: platelets
adhere to neutrophils
♫ Effect to automated platelet count 🡪 Decreased
♫ Remedy: Repeat platelet count using citrate (Rodak: Platelet count x 1.1) 🡪 EDTA = Shrinkage of cells
= 🡪 Hct = 🡪 ESR
Not for coagulation tests:
= Inhibits fibrinogen-thrombin reaction
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
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= Factor V is not stable in EDTA
Modified Westergren ESR (Black top tube) - ✔✔2mL EDTA + 0.5mL NSS/Citrate
Ratio = 1:4 (Anticoagulant-to-Blood)
Citrate (Light blue top tube) - ✔✔For coagulation and platelet studies
= Preserves labile factors V and VIII
= Buffered 3.2% (0.109M) citrate
Inversion: 3-4x
Ratio = 1:9 (Anticoagulant-to-Blood)
Polycythemic patients - ✔✔🡪 Hct
🡪 Excess Citrate = 🡪 PT, 🡪 APTT
Remedy: Reduce the volume of citrate
Amount of citrate = [(100-Hct)÷(595-Hct)] x mL WB
Oxalate - ✔✔Double/balanced oxalate (Ratio = 2:3): Maintained cell structures a. Potassium oxalate
(Paul-Heller's) = shrink cells
b. Ammonium oxalate (Wintrobe's) = swell cells
Order of Draw (Henry 21st Edition) - ✔✔Evacuated tube:
1. Sterile blood culture tube
2. Citrate (blue)
3. Nonadditive tube (red)
4. Heparin (green)
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
, 3|Page
5. EDTA (lavender)
6. Fluoride (gray)
Order of Draw (Syringe method) - ✔✔1. EDTA
2. Other anticoagulated tubes
3. Nonadditive tube
Skin puncture - ✔✔1. Fingertips
2. Earlobe: less admixture w/ tissue juice, less pain, less free nerve endings 3. Lateral portion of the
plantar surface of the foot: <1 year old Difference from venous specimen:
🡪 WBCs
🡪 Hgb, Hct, RBCs, platelet
Venipuncture - ✔✔Veins in the arms (antecubital region):
1. Median cubital = preferred, most stable
2. Cephalic (lateral)
3. Basilic (medial)
Common gauge (needle) - ✔✔19, 20, 21
Routine: 20g
Common length of needle - ✔✔1-1.5 inches
Color coded hub (gauge) - ✔✔18 = pink
21 = green
22 = gray
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
MUST KNOW – HEMA EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
PASS
Hematology - ✔✔Greek:
-Haima = Blood
-Logos = Study/science
EDTA (Lavender top) - ✔✔Chelates calcium
Inversion: 8x
Anticoagulant of choice for hematology cell counts and cell morphology Blood smear: prepare w/in 2 hrs
Preferred anticoagulant for platelet count:
= In some patients w/ EDTA anticoagulated blood - platelet satellitism = Platelet satellitism: platelets
adhere to neutrophils
♫ Effect to automated platelet count 🡪 Decreased
♫ Remedy: Repeat platelet count using citrate (Rodak: Platelet count x 1.1) 🡪 EDTA = Shrinkage of cells
= 🡪 Hct = 🡪 ESR
Not for coagulation tests:
= Inhibits fibrinogen-thrombin reaction
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
,2|Page
= Factor V is not stable in EDTA
Modified Westergren ESR (Black top tube) - ✔✔2mL EDTA + 0.5mL NSS/Citrate
Ratio = 1:4 (Anticoagulant-to-Blood)
Citrate (Light blue top tube) - ✔✔For coagulation and platelet studies
= Preserves labile factors V and VIII
= Buffered 3.2% (0.109M) citrate
Inversion: 3-4x
Ratio = 1:9 (Anticoagulant-to-Blood)
Polycythemic patients - ✔✔🡪 Hct
🡪 Excess Citrate = 🡪 PT, 🡪 APTT
Remedy: Reduce the volume of citrate
Amount of citrate = [(100-Hct)÷(595-Hct)] x mL WB
Oxalate - ✔✔Double/balanced oxalate (Ratio = 2:3): Maintained cell structures a. Potassium oxalate
(Paul-Heller's) = shrink cells
b. Ammonium oxalate (Wintrobe's) = swell cells
Order of Draw (Henry 21st Edition) - ✔✔Evacuated tube:
1. Sterile blood culture tube
2. Citrate (blue)
3. Nonadditive tube (red)
4. Heparin (green)
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
, 3|Page
5. EDTA (lavender)
6. Fluoride (gray)
Order of Draw (Syringe method) - ✔✔1. EDTA
2. Other anticoagulated tubes
3. Nonadditive tube
Skin puncture - ✔✔1. Fingertips
2. Earlobe: less admixture w/ tissue juice, less pain, less free nerve endings 3. Lateral portion of the
plantar surface of the foot: <1 year old Difference from venous specimen:
🡪 WBCs
🡪 Hgb, Hct, RBCs, platelet
Venipuncture - ✔✔Veins in the arms (antecubital region):
1. Median cubital = preferred, most stable
2. Cephalic (lateral)
3. Basilic (medial)
Common gauge (needle) - ✔✔19, 20, 21
Routine: 20g
Common length of needle - ✔✔1-1.5 inches
Color coded hub (gauge) - ✔✔18 = pink
21 = green
22 = gray
Created by Katelyn Whitman © 2025, All Rights Reserved. 100% PASS GUARANTEE
