Gold standard for nclex Exam 15 2024

Myasthenia Gravis and S/S - reduction of acetylcholine receptors in the skeletal muscles; this decreases the strength of muscles used for eye and eyelid movements, speaking, swallowing, and breathing. Dysphagia= a hallmark symptom of myasthenia gravis Muscle weakness = hallmark of myasthenia gravis peritonitis - fever, abdominal rigidity, guarding, and rebound tenderness and is a surgical emergency. Clinical manifestations of pericarditis include - pericardial friction rub; chest and neck pain worse with supine position, inspiration, and coughing; and ST-segment elevation. The nurse should monitor the client with pericarditis for signs of cardiac tamponade (eg, narrowed pulse pressure, jugular venous distension, muffled heart tones) Stevens-Johnson syndrome - immune-mediated reaction triggered by certain classes of drugs (eg, sulfonamide antibiotics, allopurinol, anticonvulsants). It is characterized by blistered lesions on the face, trunk, and palms and may be fatal if left untreated. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the presence of 3 or more of the following criteria: - mnemonic for metabolic syndrome is "We Better Think High Glucose" (Waist circumference, Blood pressure, Triglyceride, HDL, Glucose). Increased waist circumference: ≥40 in (102 cm) in men, ≥35 in (89 cm) in women Blood pressure: ≥130 mm Hg systolic or ≥85 mm Hg diastolic or drug treatment for hypertension Triglyceride level: >150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L) or drug treatment for elevated triglycerides High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels: <40 mg/dL (1.04 mmol/L) in men and <50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in women or drug treatment for low HDL-C Fasting glucose levels: ≥100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) or drug treatment for elevated blood glucose postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) - possible memory impairment and problems with concentration, language comprehension, social integration, and emotional lability are common following major surgery. Symptoms typically resolve after 4-6 weeks or when healing is complete. Persistent problems should be reported to the health care provider. neuroleptive malignant syndrome - characterized by fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction(sweating, hypertension, tachycardia) The most important intervention is to discontinue the antipsychotic medication latent TB - a positive TST, is asymptomatic, and cannot transmit the disease to others. Malignancy, immunosuppressant medications(STEROIDS), chemotherapy, and prolonged debilitating disease (eg, HIV) can convert LTBI to active disease