FRHD 3070 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is a needs assessment? - Answer A systematic approach to identifying social
problems, determining their extent, and accurately defining the target population to be
served and the nature of their service needs
What are the 4 conceptualizations of need? - Answer 1. Normative - there is an objective
standard or criterion
2. Perceived - what people think or feel their needs are
3. Expressed - relies on "demand stats"
4. Relative - measured by gap between level of services in one community and those in
similar communities
What is a resource inventory? - Answer A compilation of services available to 1 or more
target groups, usually in a specific geographical area
*Getting a sense of what exists
A rationale is the relationship between _________ and ________ - Answer Use; need
What barriers to service use do we need to consider? - Answer - Availability - does it
exist?
- Awareness - do you know about it?
- Accessibility - if it is available, do you have access?
- Acceptability - are people satisfied?
What are periodic measurements designed to track? - Answer The course of a social
condition over time
What is prevalence? - Answer The number of existing cases within a particular condition
,in a specified area during a specified time period
What is incidence? - Answer The number of new cases in a specified area during a
specified time period
About _____% of the population rate their mental health as excellent or good - Answer
90%
What is a social area analysis via geographical mapping? - Answer Showing statistical
information on maps to location concentrations of high-risk groups
What is an example of geographical mapping? - Answer - Crime hot spots in Toronto
- Obesity trends in the USA
Geographical mapping allows us to apply __________ to different pockets and have a
__________ depiction - Answer Statistics; visual
Define synthetic estimation - Answer Estimating a characteristic for a small area from
data for a larger population
- looking at national stats and applying it to local data
What is an example of synthetic estimation? - Answer An estimate of the number of
births for the student body for 1 year. We must look at married vs. single, and age range
in order to figure out what percent of students are in need. It is also necessary to look at
national statistics
Define risk factor analysis - Answer Choosing special indicators based on their ability to
predict problems or use of services at the individual level
What is an example of risk factor analysis - Answer Going out into the community and
getting a sense of the risk factors and looking at their prevalence to determine a need
,- ex. relationship btwn unemployment and frequency of psychological problems
OR physical activity is the risk factor for chronic illness
We choose _____________ ____________ based on their ability to predict ________________
or use of services at the individual level - Answer Social indicators; problems
Define community forum - Answer An open meeting at which concerned community
members can discuss relevant issues
What are some types of surveys used in community forums? - Answer - client
satisfaction
- key informant
- community
What is a nominal group? - Answer A method for structuring small group meetings to
generate ideas, identify problems, explore solutions, and set priorities
*asks one key question (focus groups ask multiple)
Nominal groups _______________ dominant people - Answer Neutralize
Which format is best for nominal groups? - Answer U = opportunity to walk about and
facilitate interaction
When do nominal groups produce results? - Answer Immediately
Give an example of a topic that may be discussed at a nominal group - Answer In your
opinion, what are the key components that should be included in a high school sexual
health curriculum?
List the steps (5) in a nominal group - Answer 1. Intro and opening statements - ask the
, question
2. Writing ideas (independently)
3. Record ideas (round robin)
4. Clarifying ideas (conceptualize)
5. Voting
6. Researchers collect all 5 cards from each participant and create a table
What is the delphi technique? - Answer An approach that uses a series of questionnaires
to aggregate the knowledge, judgments, or opinions of experts
What does the delphi technique use? - Answer Iterations of surveys
What are some PROS and CONS of the delphi technique? - Answer PRO: accurate data
with low variability (outliers more inept to change their minds)
CON: influence/pressure respondents to change their answers, time consuming
Whatever approach you use, you need to do _____________ _____________ - Answer
Multiple rounds
What are the steps in the delphi technique? - Answer - develop the questionnaire (pilot
study, look at literature)
- distribute round 1 of questionnaire (100)
- analysis of round 1 (calculate mean, median, IQR for each item)
- distribute round 2 of questionnaires to same folk
- analysis of round 2 (descriptive stats, reasons)
- distribute round 3 of questionnaires
- continue process until narrowness or no revisions in the IR
Describe a focus group - Answer A group session where 8-9 people and multiple
What is a needs assessment? - Answer A systematic approach to identifying social
problems, determining their extent, and accurately defining the target population to be
served and the nature of their service needs
What are the 4 conceptualizations of need? - Answer 1. Normative - there is an objective
standard or criterion
2. Perceived - what people think or feel their needs are
3. Expressed - relies on "demand stats"
4. Relative - measured by gap between level of services in one community and those in
similar communities
What is a resource inventory? - Answer A compilation of services available to 1 or more
target groups, usually in a specific geographical area
*Getting a sense of what exists
A rationale is the relationship between _________ and ________ - Answer Use; need
What barriers to service use do we need to consider? - Answer - Availability - does it
exist?
- Awareness - do you know about it?
- Accessibility - if it is available, do you have access?
- Acceptability - are people satisfied?
What are periodic measurements designed to track? - Answer The course of a social
condition over time
What is prevalence? - Answer The number of existing cases within a particular condition
,in a specified area during a specified time period
What is incidence? - Answer The number of new cases in a specified area during a
specified time period
About _____% of the population rate their mental health as excellent or good - Answer
90%
What is a social area analysis via geographical mapping? - Answer Showing statistical
information on maps to location concentrations of high-risk groups
What is an example of geographical mapping? - Answer - Crime hot spots in Toronto
- Obesity trends in the USA
Geographical mapping allows us to apply __________ to different pockets and have a
__________ depiction - Answer Statistics; visual
Define synthetic estimation - Answer Estimating a characteristic for a small area from
data for a larger population
- looking at national stats and applying it to local data
What is an example of synthetic estimation? - Answer An estimate of the number of
births for the student body for 1 year. We must look at married vs. single, and age range
in order to figure out what percent of students are in need. It is also necessary to look at
national statistics
Define risk factor analysis - Answer Choosing special indicators based on their ability to
predict problems or use of services at the individual level
What is an example of risk factor analysis - Answer Going out into the community and
getting a sense of the risk factors and looking at their prevalence to determine a need
,- ex. relationship btwn unemployment and frequency of psychological problems
OR physical activity is the risk factor for chronic illness
We choose _____________ ____________ based on their ability to predict ________________
or use of services at the individual level - Answer Social indicators; problems
Define community forum - Answer An open meeting at which concerned community
members can discuss relevant issues
What are some types of surveys used in community forums? - Answer - client
satisfaction
- key informant
- community
What is a nominal group? - Answer A method for structuring small group meetings to
generate ideas, identify problems, explore solutions, and set priorities
*asks one key question (focus groups ask multiple)
Nominal groups _______________ dominant people - Answer Neutralize
Which format is best for nominal groups? - Answer U = opportunity to walk about and
facilitate interaction
When do nominal groups produce results? - Answer Immediately
Give an example of a topic that may be discussed at a nominal group - Answer In your
opinion, what are the key components that should be included in a high school sexual
health curriculum?
List the steps (5) in a nominal group - Answer 1. Intro and opening statements - ask the
, question
2. Writing ideas (independently)
3. Record ideas (round robin)
4. Clarifying ideas (conceptualize)
5. Voting
6. Researchers collect all 5 cards from each participant and create a table
What is the delphi technique? - Answer An approach that uses a series of questionnaires
to aggregate the knowledge, judgments, or opinions of experts
What does the delphi technique use? - Answer Iterations of surveys
What are some PROS and CONS of the delphi technique? - Answer PRO: accurate data
with low variability (outliers more inept to change their minds)
CON: influence/pressure respondents to change their answers, time consuming
Whatever approach you use, you need to do _____________ _____________ - Answer
Multiple rounds
What are the steps in the delphi technique? - Answer - develop the questionnaire (pilot
study, look at literature)
- distribute round 1 of questionnaire (100)
- analysis of round 1 (calculate mean, median, IQR for each item)
- distribute round 2 of questionnaires to same folk
- analysis of round 2 (descriptive stats, reasons)
- distribute round 3 of questionnaires
- continue process until narrowness or no revisions in the IR
Describe a focus group - Answer A group session where 8-9 people and multiple
