COMPUTER NETWORKING
Definition:
A computer network is a system in which multiple computers are
connected to each other to share information and resources.
- Is interconnection of computers via network for the purpose oif
sharing resources.
Characteristics of a Computer Network
Share resources from one computer to another.
Create files and store them in one computer, access those files
from the other computer(s) connected over the network.
Connect a printer, scanner, or a fax machine to one computer
within the network and let other computers of the network use
the machines available over the network.
Following is the list of hardware's required to set up a computer
network.
Network Cables
Distributors
Routers
Internal Network Cards
External Network Cards
BASIC TERMINOLOGIES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
Network: A network is a collection of computers and devices that are connected together to enable
communication and data exchange.
Nodes: Nodes are devices that are connected to a network. These can include computers, Servers,
Printers, Routers, Switches, and other devices.
Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and standards that govern how data is transmitted over a network.
Examples of protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.
BY: MR. WASHINGTON MWANGE
,Topology: Network topology refers to the physical and logical arrangement of nodes on a network. The
common network topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree.
Service Provider Networks: These types of Networks give permission to take Network Capacity and
Functionality on lease from the Provider. Service Provider Networks include Wireless Communications,
Data Carriers, etc.
IP Address: An IP address is a unique numerical identifier that is assigned to every device on a network.
IP addresses are used to identify devices and enable communication between them.
DNS: The Domain Name System (DNS) is a protocol that is used to translate human-readable domain
names (such as www.google.com) into IP addresses that computers can understand.
Firewall: A firewall is a security device that is used to monitor and control incoming and outgoing
network traffic. Firewalls are used to protect networks from unauthorized access and other security
threats.
TYPES OF ENTERPRISE COMPUTER NETWORKS
LAN: A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that covers a small area, such as an office or a home. LANs
are typically used to connect computers and other devices within a building or a campus.
MAN: Metropolitan Area Network- Network within a city or a state.
WAN: A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that covers a large geographic area, such as a city,
country, or even the entire world. WANs are used to connect LANs together and are typically used for
long-distance communication.
TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
Computer Network falls under these broad Categories:
Client-Server Architecture: Client-Server Architecture is a type of Computer Network Architecture in
which Nodes can be Servers or Clients. Here, the server node can manage the Client Node Behaviour.
Peer-to-Peer Architecture: In P2P (Peer-to-Peer) Architecture, there is not any concept of a Central
Server. Each device is free for working as either client or server.
BY: MR. WASHINGTON MWANGE
, NETWORK DEVICES (HUB, REPEATER, BRIDGE, SWITCH, ROUTER, GATEWAYS AND BROUTER)
Network Devices: Network devices, also known as networking hardware, are physical devices that allow
hardware on a computer network to communicate and interact with one another. For example
Repeater, Hub, Bridge, Switch, Routers, Gateway, Brouter, and NIC, etc.
1. Repeater – A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same
network before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted to extend the length to which the signal can
be transmitted over the same network. An important point to be noted about repeaters is that they not
only amplify the signal but also regenerate it. When the signal becomes weak, they copy it bit by bit and
regenerate it at its star topology connectors connecting following the original strength. It is a 2-port
device.
2. Hub – A hub is a basically multi-port repeater. A hub connects multiple wires coming from different
branches, for example, the connector in star topology which connects different stations. Hubs cannot
filter data, so data packets are sent to all connected devices. In other words, the collision domain of all
hosts connected through Hub remains one. Also, they do not have the intelligence to find out the best
path for data packets which leads to inefficiencies and wastage.
Types of Hub
Active Hub:- These are the hubs that have their power supply and can clean, boost, and relay the signal
along with the network. It serves both as a repeater as well as a wiring center. These are used to extend
the maximum distance between nodes.
Passive Hub:- These are the hubs that collect wiring from nodes and power supply from the active hub.
These hubs relay signals onto the network without cleaning and boosting them and can’t be used to
extend the distance between nodes.
Intelligent Hub:- It works like an active hub and includes remote management capabilities. They also
provide flexible data rates to network devices. It also enables an administrator to monitor the traffic
passing through the hub and to configure each port in the hub.
3. Bridge – A bridge operates at the data link layer. A bridge is a repeater, with add on the functionality
of filtering content by reading the MAC addresses of the source and destination. It is also used for
interconnecting two LANs working on the same protocol. It has a single input and single output port,
thus making it a 2 port device.
BY: MR. WASHINGTON MWANGE
Definition:
A computer network is a system in which multiple computers are
connected to each other to share information and resources.
- Is interconnection of computers via network for the purpose oif
sharing resources.
Characteristics of a Computer Network
Share resources from one computer to another.
Create files and store them in one computer, access those files
from the other computer(s) connected over the network.
Connect a printer, scanner, or a fax machine to one computer
within the network and let other computers of the network use
the machines available over the network.
Following is the list of hardware's required to set up a computer
network.
Network Cables
Distributors
Routers
Internal Network Cards
External Network Cards
BASIC TERMINOLOGIES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
Network: A network is a collection of computers and devices that are connected together to enable
communication and data exchange.
Nodes: Nodes are devices that are connected to a network. These can include computers, Servers,
Printers, Routers, Switches, and other devices.
Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and standards that govern how data is transmitted over a network.
Examples of protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.
BY: MR. WASHINGTON MWANGE
,Topology: Network topology refers to the physical and logical arrangement of nodes on a network. The
common network topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree.
Service Provider Networks: These types of Networks give permission to take Network Capacity and
Functionality on lease from the Provider. Service Provider Networks include Wireless Communications,
Data Carriers, etc.
IP Address: An IP address is a unique numerical identifier that is assigned to every device on a network.
IP addresses are used to identify devices and enable communication between them.
DNS: The Domain Name System (DNS) is a protocol that is used to translate human-readable domain
names (such as www.google.com) into IP addresses that computers can understand.
Firewall: A firewall is a security device that is used to monitor and control incoming and outgoing
network traffic. Firewalls are used to protect networks from unauthorized access and other security
threats.
TYPES OF ENTERPRISE COMPUTER NETWORKS
LAN: A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that covers a small area, such as an office or a home. LANs
are typically used to connect computers and other devices within a building or a campus.
MAN: Metropolitan Area Network- Network within a city or a state.
WAN: A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that covers a large geographic area, such as a city,
country, or even the entire world. WANs are used to connect LANs together and are typically used for
long-distance communication.
TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
Computer Network falls under these broad Categories:
Client-Server Architecture: Client-Server Architecture is a type of Computer Network Architecture in
which Nodes can be Servers or Clients. Here, the server node can manage the Client Node Behaviour.
Peer-to-Peer Architecture: In P2P (Peer-to-Peer) Architecture, there is not any concept of a Central
Server. Each device is free for working as either client or server.
BY: MR. WASHINGTON MWANGE
, NETWORK DEVICES (HUB, REPEATER, BRIDGE, SWITCH, ROUTER, GATEWAYS AND BROUTER)
Network Devices: Network devices, also known as networking hardware, are physical devices that allow
hardware on a computer network to communicate and interact with one another. For example
Repeater, Hub, Bridge, Switch, Routers, Gateway, Brouter, and NIC, etc.
1. Repeater – A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same
network before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted to extend the length to which the signal can
be transmitted over the same network. An important point to be noted about repeaters is that they not
only amplify the signal but also regenerate it. When the signal becomes weak, they copy it bit by bit and
regenerate it at its star topology connectors connecting following the original strength. It is a 2-port
device.
2. Hub – A hub is a basically multi-port repeater. A hub connects multiple wires coming from different
branches, for example, the connector in star topology which connects different stations. Hubs cannot
filter data, so data packets are sent to all connected devices. In other words, the collision domain of all
hosts connected through Hub remains one. Also, they do not have the intelligence to find out the best
path for data packets which leads to inefficiencies and wastage.
Types of Hub
Active Hub:- These are the hubs that have their power supply and can clean, boost, and relay the signal
along with the network. It serves both as a repeater as well as a wiring center. These are used to extend
the maximum distance between nodes.
Passive Hub:- These are the hubs that collect wiring from nodes and power supply from the active hub.
These hubs relay signals onto the network without cleaning and boosting them and can’t be used to
extend the distance between nodes.
Intelligent Hub:- It works like an active hub and includes remote management capabilities. They also
provide flexible data rates to network devices. It also enables an administrator to monitor the traffic
passing through the hub and to configure each port in the hub.
3. Bridge – A bridge operates at the data link layer. A bridge is a repeater, with add on the functionality
of filtering content by reading the MAC addresses of the source and destination. It is also used for
interconnecting two LANs working on the same protocol. It has a single input and single output port,
thus making it a 2 port device.
BY: MR. WASHINGTON MWANGE
