,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology 14th E
d d d d d d d d d d d
dition Tille d
Chapter 02: Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Structure Tille
d d d d d d d
: Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 14th Edition
d d d d d d d
MULTIPLEdCHOICE
1. Piecesdofddeoxyribonucleicdacidd(DNA)dthatdmovedfromdonedgeneticdelementdtodanotherdanddc
ontaindgenesdfordmovementdanddgenesdfordotherdfeaturesdaredcalled:
a. transposons.
b. insertiondsequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.
ANS:d A
Insertiondsequencesdonlydcodedfordmovement.
REF:d d 8
2. Miniaturedchromosomesdcomposeddofdseveraldgenesdinddouble-
stranded,dclosed,dcirculardstructuresdaredcalled:
a. transposons.
b. insertiondsequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.
ANS:d C
Plasmidsdcandbedseparatedentities,dbutdtransposabledelementsd(transposonsdanddinsertiondsequence
s)dcannot.
REF:d d 8
3. AdDNAdsequencedthatdencodesdfordadspecificdproductd(ribonucleicdacidd[RNA]dordprotein)disdd
efineddasda:
a. gene.
b. genome.
c. nucleotide.
d. deoxyribonucleicdacid.
ANS:d A
Thedgenomedisdthedcollectiondofdalldthedgenesdofdandorganism.dNucleotidesdanddDNAdaredbuildin
gdblocksdofdgenes.
REF:d d 6
4. Thedenzymedthatdaddsdnucleotidedbasesdtodeachdgrowingddaughterdstranddindthedreplicationdp
rocessdisdcalled:
a. replicationdenzymes.
b. DNAdpolymerase.
c. insertiondsequencedenzymes.
d. transcriptase.
ANS:d B
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology 14th E
d d d d d d d d d d d
dition Tille d
DNAdpolymerasedisdadspecificdtypedofdreplicationdenzyme.
REF:d d 9
5. Ifdadbacterialdcelldencountersdunfavorabledenvironmentaldconditions,dthenditsdmetabolismdwilld
begindtodslowduntilditdeventuallydtransformsdintodandinactive,ddormantdstate.dThisdsurvivaldmec
hanismdisdknowndas:
a. polymerization.
b. oxidation.
c. respiration.
d. sporulation.
ANS:d D
Organismsdsporulatedwhendunfavorabledconditionsdaredencountereddanddremaindindthisdstatedunti
ldfavorabledconditionsdreturn.
REF:d d 23
6. Teichoicdacids,dmycolicdacids,dpeptidoglycan,dandddisaccharide-
pentapeptidedsubunitsdaredalldbuildingdblocksdofdwhichdbacterialdstructure?
a. Outerdcelldmembrane
b. Flagella
c. Innerdcelldmembrane
d. Celldwall
ANS:d D
Thesedelementsdaredalldpartdofdthedcelldwallsdofdsomedtypesdofdbacteria.
REF:d d 21d|d22
7. Thedmajorddifferencedbetweendgram-positivedanddgram-negativedbacteriadisdthat:
a. thedpeptidoglycandlayerdindgram-
positivedbacteriadisdsubstantiallydthinnerdthandindgram-negativedbacteria.
b. gram-positivedbacteriadcontaindadperiplasmicdspace,dwhereasdgram-
negativedbacteriaddodnot.
c. flagelladaredonlydpresentdindgram-positivedbacteria.
d. gram-
negativedbacteriadcontaindandouterdmembranedthatdfunctionsdasdthedcell’sdinitiald
barrierdtodthedenvironment.
ANS:d D
Gram-negativedbacteriadcontaindandouterdmembrane,dbutdgram-positivedbacteriaddodnot.
REF:d d 21
8. Indgenedregulationdanddcontrol,drepressiondisddefineddasdthe:
a. internaldchangedindthedoriginaldnucleotidedsequencedofdadgenedordgenesdwithindando
rganism’sdgenome.
b. mechanismdofdgeneticdcontroldindwhichdgenesdaredinduceddonlydwhendthedsubstratedt
odbeddegradeddbydenzymaticdactiondisdpresent.
c. changedofdthedbacterialdgenotypesdthroughdthedexchangedofdDNAdfromdonedcelldtoda
nother.
d. mechanismdofdgeneticdcontroldindwhichdgenesdarednotdtranscribeddanddthereforedare
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology 14th E
d d d d d d d d d d d
dition Tille d
notdexpresseddindthedpresencedofdthosedtargetdproductsdindsufficientdsupply.
ANS:d D
Todavoiddwastedanddoverproductiondofdenzymesdindthedcell,dsomedgenesdaredturneddoffdbydthedpre
sencedofdthedproductdofdthatdgenedexpression.
REF:d d 12
9. Indgenedregulationdanddcontrol,dinductiondcandbeddefineddasdthe:
a. mechanismdofdgeneticdcontroldindwhichdgenesdaredinduceddonlydwhendthedsubstratedt
odbeddegradeddbydenzymaticdactiondisdpresent.
b. uptakedofdfreedDNAdfromdthedenvironmentdanddrecombinationdwithdthedrecipient’sd
homologousdDNA.
c. mechanismdofdgeneticdcontroldindwhichdgenesdarednotdtranscribeddanddthereforedared
notdexpresseddindthedpresencedofdthosedtargetdproductsdindsufficientdsupply.
d. changedofdthedbacterialdgenotypesdthroughdthedexchangedofdDNAdfromdonedcelldtoda
nother.
ANS:d A
Todavoiddwastedanddoverproductiondofdenzymesdindthedcell,dsomedgenesdaredturneddondonlydbydth
edpresencedofdthedsubstratedofdthatdgenedexpression.
REF:d d 13
10. Mutationdisddefineddasdthe:
a. changedofdthedbacterialdgenotypesdthroughdthedexchangedofdDNAdfromdonedcelldtoda
nother.
b. internaldchangedindthedoriginaldnucleotidedsequencedofdadgenedordgenesdwithindando
rganism’sdgenome.
c. processdbydwhichdgeneticdelementsdsuchdasdplasmidsdanddtransposonsdexcisedfromd
onedgenomicdlocationdanddinsertdintodanother.
d. uptakedofdfreedDNAdfromdthedenvironmentdanddrecombinationdwithdthedrecipient’sd
homologousdDNA.
ANS:d B
Mutationdoccursdasdandinternaldchangedindthedoriginaldnucleotidedsequencedofdadgenedordgenesdwith
indandorganism’sdgenome.
REF:d d 14
11. Recombinationdisddefineddasdthe:
a. changedofdthedbacterialdgenotypesdthroughdthedexchangedofdDNAdfromdonedcelldtoda
nother.
b. internaldchangedindthedoriginaldnucleotidedsequencedofdadgenedordgenesdwithindando
rganism’sdgenome.
c. processdbydwhichdgeneticdelementsdsuchdasdplasmidsdanddtransposonsdexcisedfromd
onedgenomicdlocationdanddinsertdintodanother.
d. uptakedofdfreedDNAdfromdthedenvironmentdanddrecombinationdwithdthedrecipient’sd
homologousdDNA.
ANS:d A
mynursytest.store
d d d d d d d d d d d
dition Tille d
Chapter 02: Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Structure Tille
d d d d d d d
: Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 14th Edition
d d d d d d d
MULTIPLEdCHOICE
1. Piecesdofddeoxyribonucleicdacidd(DNA)dthatdmovedfromdonedgeneticdelementdtodanotherdanddc
ontaindgenesdfordmovementdanddgenesdfordotherdfeaturesdaredcalled:
a. transposons.
b. insertiondsequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.
ANS:d A
Insertiondsequencesdonlydcodedfordmovement.
REF:d d 8
2. Miniaturedchromosomesdcomposeddofdseveraldgenesdinddouble-
stranded,dclosed,dcirculardstructuresdaredcalled:
a. transposons.
b. insertiondsequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.
ANS:d C
Plasmidsdcandbedseparatedentities,dbutdtransposabledelementsd(transposonsdanddinsertiondsequence
s)dcannot.
REF:d d 8
3. AdDNAdsequencedthatdencodesdfordadspecificdproductd(ribonucleicdacidd[RNA]dordprotein)disdd
efineddasda:
a. gene.
b. genome.
c. nucleotide.
d. deoxyribonucleicdacid.
ANS:d A
Thedgenomedisdthedcollectiondofdalldthedgenesdofdandorganism.dNucleotidesdanddDNAdaredbuildin
gdblocksdofdgenes.
REF:d d 6
4. Thedenzymedthatdaddsdnucleotidedbasesdtodeachdgrowingddaughterdstranddindthedreplicationdp
rocessdisdcalled:
a. replicationdenzymes.
b. DNAdpolymerase.
c. insertiondsequencedenzymes.
d. transcriptase.
ANS:d B
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology 14th E
d d d d d d d d d d d
dition Tille d
DNAdpolymerasedisdadspecificdtypedofdreplicationdenzyme.
REF:d d 9
5. Ifdadbacterialdcelldencountersdunfavorabledenvironmentaldconditions,dthenditsdmetabolismdwilld
begindtodslowduntilditdeventuallydtransformsdintodandinactive,ddormantdstate.dThisdsurvivaldmec
hanismdisdknowndas:
a. polymerization.
b. oxidation.
c. respiration.
d. sporulation.
ANS:d D
Organismsdsporulatedwhendunfavorabledconditionsdaredencountereddanddremaindindthisdstatedunti
ldfavorabledconditionsdreturn.
REF:d d 23
6. Teichoicdacids,dmycolicdacids,dpeptidoglycan,dandddisaccharide-
pentapeptidedsubunitsdaredalldbuildingdblocksdofdwhichdbacterialdstructure?
a. Outerdcelldmembrane
b. Flagella
c. Innerdcelldmembrane
d. Celldwall
ANS:d D
Thesedelementsdaredalldpartdofdthedcelldwallsdofdsomedtypesdofdbacteria.
REF:d d 21d|d22
7. Thedmajorddifferencedbetweendgram-positivedanddgram-negativedbacteriadisdthat:
a. thedpeptidoglycandlayerdindgram-
positivedbacteriadisdsubstantiallydthinnerdthandindgram-negativedbacteria.
b. gram-positivedbacteriadcontaindadperiplasmicdspace,dwhereasdgram-
negativedbacteriaddodnot.
c. flagelladaredonlydpresentdindgram-positivedbacteria.
d. gram-
negativedbacteriadcontaindandouterdmembranedthatdfunctionsdasdthedcell’sdinitiald
barrierdtodthedenvironment.
ANS:d D
Gram-negativedbacteriadcontaindandouterdmembrane,dbutdgram-positivedbacteriaddodnot.
REF:d d 21
8. Indgenedregulationdanddcontrol,drepressiondisddefineddasdthe:
a. internaldchangedindthedoriginaldnucleotidedsequencedofdadgenedordgenesdwithindando
rganism’sdgenome.
b. mechanismdofdgeneticdcontroldindwhichdgenesdaredinduceddonlydwhendthedsubstratedt
odbeddegradeddbydenzymaticdactiondisdpresent.
c. changedofdthedbacterialdgenotypesdthroughdthedexchangedofdDNAdfromdonedcelldtoda
nother.
d. mechanismdofdgeneticdcontroldindwhichdgenesdarednotdtranscribeddanddthereforedare
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology 14th E
d d d d d d d d d d d
dition Tille d
notdexpresseddindthedpresencedofdthosedtargetdproductsdindsufficientdsupply.
ANS:d D
Todavoiddwastedanddoverproductiondofdenzymesdindthedcell,dsomedgenesdaredturneddoffdbydthedpre
sencedofdthedproductdofdthatdgenedexpression.
REF:d d 12
9. Indgenedregulationdanddcontrol,dinductiondcandbeddefineddasdthe:
a. mechanismdofdgeneticdcontroldindwhichdgenesdaredinduceddonlydwhendthedsubstratedt
odbeddegradeddbydenzymaticdactiondisdpresent.
b. uptakedofdfreedDNAdfromdthedenvironmentdanddrecombinationdwithdthedrecipient’sd
homologousdDNA.
c. mechanismdofdgeneticdcontroldindwhichdgenesdarednotdtranscribeddanddthereforedared
notdexpresseddindthedpresencedofdthosedtargetdproductsdindsufficientdsupply.
d. changedofdthedbacterialdgenotypesdthroughdthedexchangedofdDNAdfromdonedcelldtoda
nother.
ANS:d A
Todavoiddwastedanddoverproductiondofdenzymesdindthedcell,dsomedgenesdaredturneddondonlydbydth
edpresencedofdthedsubstratedofdthatdgenedexpression.
REF:d d 13
10. Mutationdisddefineddasdthe:
a. changedofdthedbacterialdgenotypesdthroughdthedexchangedofdDNAdfromdonedcelldtoda
nother.
b. internaldchangedindthedoriginaldnucleotidedsequencedofdadgenedordgenesdwithindando
rganism’sdgenome.
c. processdbydwhichdgeneticdelementsdsuchdasdplasmidsdanddtransposonsdexcisedfromd
onedgenomicdlocationdanddinsertdintodanother.
d. uptakedofdfreedDNAdfromdthedenvironmentdanddrecombinationdwithdthedrecipient’sd
homologousdDNA.
ANS:d B
Mutationdoccursdasdandinternaldchangedindthedoriginaldnucleotidedsequencedofdadgenedordgenesdwith
indandorganism’sdgenome.
REF:d d 14
11. Recombinationdisddefineddasdthe:
a. changedofdthedbacterialdgenotypesdthroughdthedexchangedofdDNAdfromdonedcelldtoda
nother.
b. internaldchangedindthedoriginaldnucleotidedsequencedofdadgenedordgenesdwithindando
rganism’sdgenome.
c. processdbydwhichdgeneticdelementsdsuchdasdplasmidsdanddtransposonsdexcisedfromd
onedgenomicdlocationdanddinsertdintodanother.
d. uptakedofdfreedDNAdfromdthedenvironmentdanddrecombinationdwithdthedrecipient’sd
homologousdDNA.
ANS:d A
mynursytest.store
