SPAUD 521 Midterm Review (updated)
questions well answered passed
extrinsic laryngeal muscles - correct answer ✔✔Elevate the larynx within the vocal tract - Suprahyoid
extrinsic muscles
Laryngeal depression - Infrahyoid extrinsic muscles
suprahyoid muscles include - correct answer ✔✔digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
suprahyoid muscle function - correct answer ✔✔elevate hyoid and larynx
Digastric - correct answer ✔✔•Pulls the hyoid forward and upward and the posterior belly pulls the
hyoid back and upward
Mylohyoid - correct answer ✔✔elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth
Stylohyoid - correct answer ✔✔elevates and retracts hyoid bone
Geniohyoid - correct answer ✔✔elevates the hyoid bone, raises the floor of the mouth for swallowing
and depresses the mandible when the hyoid is stabilized
Infrahyoid Muscles - correct answer ✔✔Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid - correct answer ✔✔depresses hyoid bone and larynx
,Sternothyroid - correct answer ✔✔depresses larynx and hyoid bone
Omohyoid - correct answer ✔✔depresses and retracts hyoid bone
thryohyoid - correct answer ✔✔moves hyoid bone closer to the larynx
intrinsic laryngeal muscles - correct answer ✔✔See other quizlet
Difference between male/female laryngeal anatomy - correct answer ✔✔•17-21 mm in adult males
•11-15 mm in adult females
•A _____larger___ thyroid lamina
•A more acute thyroid angle, giving prominence to the thyroid notch or "Adam's apple"
•____thicker____ vocal folds
•Larger glottal space
to add: Key details and perceptual characteristics related to the voice disorders discussed - correct
answer ✔✔?
muscles of inspiration - correct answer ✔✔o Diaphragm
o External Intercostal Muscles
o Accessory muscles
Diaphragm - correct answer ✔✔a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax from the
abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the
thorax and so inflates the lungs.
external intercostal muscles - correct answer ✔✔- A muscle that raises the rib cage, decreasing pressure
inside the chest cavity
- pump handle action
- 11 external intercostals between ribs
,Accessory muscles of inspiration - correct answer ✔✔sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles
•Muscles in the trunk and lower neck that can be recruited to assist with respiration
muscles of expiration - correct answer ✔✔internal intercostals and abdominal muscles
internal intercostal muscles - correct answer ✔✔lowers the rib cage during forced expiration
abdominal muscles - correct answer ✔✔o Rectus abdominus, internal and external obliques, transversus
abdominus
o During coughing, sneezing, and certain voicing tasks the abdominal muscles contract to compress the
abdominal contents
o This increases the intra-abdominal pressure
vocal fold vibration cycle - correct answer ✔✔1. vocal folds are adducted (closed), air pressure builds up
below them
2. as air pressure rises, bottom of folds are forced apart
3. pressure then forces folds apart at middle, then at top, until air freely flows
4. pressure decreases
5. as pressure decreases, folds move toward midline (bottom first and top last)
Myoelastic Aerodynamic Theory - correct answer ✔✔Explains how phonation occurs. It says that
adducted folds build up air pressure below, which blows the folds apart. As the air moves through the
opening, a decreased pressure between the folds draws them together.
pitch mechanism - correct answer ✔✔Increase in Pitch
- Increase in length & tension
- VF vibrate faster
-Requires more subglottal pressure
Decrease in pitch
, - Decrease in length (shorter) & tension
- Increase in mass/area (thicker)
- Vibrate slower
Primary muscles
- Cricothyroid
loudness mechanism - correct answer ✔✔Sound pressure level governed by pressure supplied to larynx
by lungs
As intensity increases folds remain closed for longer periods during cycle
Greater intensity is characterized by greater excursion of vibrating folds
More difficult to increase volume at low pitch levels
respiratory forces that drive inhalation / exhalation - correct answer ✔✔•Alveolar pressure is changed
by 2 forces:
o Passive force
- Due to elastic properties of the respiratory system
o Active force
- Contraction of the respiratory muscles
- The act of inspiration is always active
o For inspiration to occur, muscle contraction happens
pleura and respiration - correct answer ✔✔•The lungs are apposed (or connected) to the thorax by
pleural linkage
•The visceral pleura - a membrane that covers the lung
•The parietal pleura - a membrane that covers the thorax
• A pneumothorax occurs when the pleural space is disrupted
respiration capacities - correct answer ✔✔•At rest, the lung is partially inflated to ~40% of the total lung
capacity (TLC)
•Rest position - functional residual capacity (FRC)
questions well answered passed
extrinsic laryngeal muscles - correct answer ✔✔Elevate the larynx within the vocal tract - Suprahyoid
extrinsic muscles
Laryngeal depression - Infrahyoid extrinsic muscles
suprahyoid muscles include - correct answer ✔✔digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
suprahyoid muscle function - correct answer ✔✔elevate hyoid and larynx
Digastric - correct answer ✔✔•Pulls the hyoid forward and upward and the posterior belly pulls the
hyoid back and upward
Mylohyoid - correct answer ✔✔elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth
Stylohyoid - correct answer ✔✔elevates and retracts hyoid bone
Geniohyoid - correct answer ✔✔elevates the hyoid bone, raises the floor of the mouth for swallowing
and depresses the mandible when the hyoid is stabilized
Infrahyoid Muscles - correct answer ✔✔Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid - correct answer ✔✔depresses hyoid bone and larynx
,Sternothyroid - correct answer ✔✔depresses larynx and hyoid bone
Omohyoid - correct answer ✔✔depresses and retracts hyoid bone
thryohyoid - correct answer ✔✔moves hyoid bone closer to the larynx
intrinsic laryngeal muscles - correct answer ✔✔See other quizlet
Difference between male/female laryngeal anatomy - correct answer ✔✔•17-21 mm in adult males
•11-15 mm in adult females
•A _____larger___ thyroid lamina
•A more acute thyroid angle, giving prominence to the thyroid notch or "Adam's apple"
•____thicker____ vocal folds
•Larger glottal space
to add: Key details and perceptual characteristics related to the voice disorders discussed - correct
answer ✔✔?
muscles of inspiration - correct answer ✔✔o Diaphragm
o External Intercostal Muscles
o Accessory muscles
Diaphragm - correct answer ✔✔a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax from the
abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the
thorax and so inflates the lungs.
external intercostal muscles - correct answer ✔✔- A muscle that raises the rib cage, decreasing pressure
inside the chest cavity
- pump handle action
- 11 external intercostals between ribs
,Accessory muscles of inspiration - correct answer ✔✔sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles
•Muscles in the trunk and lower neck that can be recruited to assist with respiration
muscles of expiration - correct answer ✔✔internal intercostals and abdominal muscles
internal intercostal muscles - correct answer ✔✔lowers the rib cage during forced expiration
abdominal muscles - correct answer ✔✔o Rectus abdominus, internal and external obliques, transversus
abdominus
o During coughing, sneezing, and certain voicing tasks the abdominal muscles contract to compress the
abdominal contents
o This increases the intra-abdominal pressure
vocal fold vibration cycle - correct answer ✔✔1. vocal folds are adducted (closed), air pressure builds up
below them
2. as air pressure rises, bottom of folds are forced apart
3. pressure then forces folds apart at middle, then at top, until air freely flows
4. pressure decreases
5. as pressure decreases, folds move toward midline (bottom first and top last)
Myoelastic Aerodynamic Theory - correct answer ✔✔Explains how phonation occurs. It says that
adducted folds build up air pressure below, which blows the folds apart. As the air moves through the
opening, a decreased pressure between the folds draws them together.
pitch mechanism - correct answer ✔✔Increase in Pitch
- Increase in length & tension
- VF vibrate faster
-Requires more subglottal pressure
Decrease in pitch
, - Decrease in length (shorter) & tension
- Increase in mass/area (thicker)
- Vibrate slower
Primary muscles
- Cricothyroid
loudness mechanism - correct answer ✔✔Sound pressure level governed by pressure supplied to larynx
by lungs
As intensity increases folds remain closed for longer periods during cycle
Greater intensity is characterized by greater excursion of vibrating folds
More difficult to increase volume at low pitch levels
respiratory forces that drive inhalation / exhalation - correct answer ✔✔•Alveolar pressure is changed
by 2 forces:
o Passive force
- Due to elastic properties of the respiratory system
o Active force
- Contraction of the respiratory muscles
- The act of inspiration is always active
o For inspiration to occur, muscle contraction happens
pleura and respiration - correct answer ✔✔•The lungs are apposed (or connected) to the thorax by
pleural linkage
•The visceral pleura - a membrane that covers the lung
•The parietal pleura - a membrane that covers the thorax
• A pneumothorax occurs when the pleural space is disrupted
respiration capacities - correct answer ✔✔•At rest, the lung is partially inflated to ~40% of the total lung
capacity (TLC)
•Rest position - functional residual capacity (FRC)
