Test bank for pilbeams mechanical ventilation 7th edition by cairoooo

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Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilatio
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n Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE m




1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lung
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sis known as which of the following?
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a. External respiration m


b. Internal respiration m


c. Spontaneous ventilation m


d. Mechanical ventilation m




ANS: C m


The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventila
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tion. Since the question asks for the body’s mechanism, this wou
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ld be spontaneous ventilation. External respiration involves the e
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xchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the a
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lveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs a
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t the cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the sys
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temic blood into the cells.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 m m




2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
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a. Red blood cells and body cells m m m m m


b. Scalenes and trapezius m m

muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary m m

capillaries
d. External oblique and m m

transverse abdominal muscles m m




ANS: C m


External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon
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dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.
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Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves mov
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ement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
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Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspirati
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on. External oblique and transverse abdominal musclesare acces
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sory muscles of expiration.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 m m




3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes durin
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g normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of th
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e following?
m


a.
b.
c.
d.


ANS: B m


During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops
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from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -
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10 cm H2O at end-
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inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that chan
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ge from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 m m




4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
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m .
a. - 1 cm H2O m m m


b. + 1 cm H2O m m m


c. 0 cm H2O m m


d. 5 cm H2O m m




ANS: A m


-
1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during no
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rmal spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a normal
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spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1 cm H2
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O.

DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 m m




5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known a
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s which of the following?
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a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) m m m


b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) m m


c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) m m

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d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) m m




ANS: D m


The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure req
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uired to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA ) is t
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he pressure gradient required to produce airflow in the conducting
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mtubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure to inflate th
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e lungs and airways during positive pressure ventilation. Transthor
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acic pressure (PTT) represents the pressure required to expand or
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contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same time.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 m m




6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance d
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uring positive pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pr
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essure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H
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2O.
a. 7 cm H2O m m


b. 30 cm H2O m m


c. 40 cm H2O m m


d. 175 cm H2O m m




ANS: B m

The transairway pressure (PTA ) is used to calculate the pressure r
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equired to overcome airway resistance during mechanical ventilati
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on. This formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
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DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 m m




7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return t
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o its original form after being stretched or acted on by an outsid
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e force is which of the following?
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a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance m


d. Distending pressure m