NUR 219 Exam 4 Questions And
Answers 100% pass
Penicillin G - - -
correct answer ✅- First penicillin available for clinical use
- Therapeutic Uses: bactericidal to gram positive and some gram
negative
- Best absorbed IM, worst is oral
- Only potassium penicillin G can be given IV (concern for
kidney/heart patients)
- excreted by the kidney
- minimal metabolism
- risks in renal pts, acutely ill, elderly and infants
- half life = 30 minutes
- side effects = pain at site of IM injection, neurotoxicity (seizures),
hyperkalemia (cardiac arrest), and necrosis of skin if injected into
an artery
Describe the Beta-Lactam Ring - - -
correct answer ✅The Beta-Lactam Ring is a 4 membered ring that
is present in every penicillin makeup.
What characteristics do all Penicillins share? - - -
correct answer ✅All penicillin's share the beta-lactam ring and the
ability to disrupt the bacterial cell wall.
,NUR 219 Exam 4 Questions And
Answers 100% pass
Describe the 3 factors that determine bacterial resistance to
Penicillin - - -
correct answer ✅Inability of penicillin to reach their target,
inactivation of penicillin's (the beta ring) by bacterial enzymes, and
production of penicillin binding proteins that have a low affinity for
penicillin's.
Describe the effect of Penicillin on the bacterial cell wall: - - -
correct answer ✅Penicillin works to break down the bacterial cell
wall by inhibiting transpeptidases (enzymes that give the cell wall
strength) and by activating autolysins (which break down cell wall
growth).
List bacteria most commonly treated by PCN: - - -
correct answer ✅Mostly gram-positive bacteria
Describe the 3 mechanisms of bacterial resistance: - - -
correct answer ✅Inability of penicillins to reach their target,
inactivation of penicillins (the beta ring) by bacterial enzymes, and
production of PBP's that have low affinity for penicillins.
Differentiate between broad-spectrum and narrow spectrum
penicillins - - -
, NUR 219 Exam 4 Questions And
Answers 100% pass
correct answer ✅Broad-spectrum are aminopenicillins, so
amoxicillin and ampicillin. Narrow spectrum penicillins are
penicillinase-sensitive, penicillinase-resistant, and anti-
staphlococcal penicillins, so nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin, and
methicillin
Describe penicillin sensitivity - - -
correct answer ✅Penicillin sensitivity is when a patient has an
allergy to a penicillin that can be anywhere from a minor rash to
anaphylaxis.
How is sensitivity diagnosed? - - -
correct answer ✅It is diagnosed by watching a patient closely if it
is there first time receiving penicillin. There could be an immediate,
accelerated or even late reaction.
How is sensitivity treated? - - -
correct answer ✅It is treated with epinephrine, respiratory
support and skin testing prevention. Consider using cephalosporin
if it is a mild reaction, but avoid it all together if it's a severe
reaction
Describe the characteristics of the prototype drug: Penicillin G
(Bicillin) - - -
Answers 100% pass
Penicillin G - - -
correct answer ✅- First penicillin available for clinical use
- Therapeutic Uses: bactericidal to gram positive and some gram
negative
- Best absorbed IM, worst is oral
- Only potassium penicillin G can be given IV (concern for
kidney/heart patients)
- excreted by the kidney
- minimal metabolism
- risks in renal pts, acutely ill, elderly and infants
- half life = 30 minutes
- side effects = pain at site of IM injection, neurotoxicity (seizures),
hyperkalemia (cardiac arrest), and necrosis of skin if injected into
an artery
Describe the Beta-Lactam Ring - - -
correct answer ✅The Beta-Lactam Ring is a 4 membered ring that
is present in every penicillin makeup.
What characteristics do all Penicillins share? - - -
correct answer ✅All penicillin's share the beta-lactam ring and the
ability to disrupt the bacterial cell wall.
,NUR 219 Exam 4 Questions And
Answers 100% pass
Describe the 3 factors that determine bacterial resistance to
Penicillin - - -
correct answer ✅Inability of penicillin to reach their target,
inactivation of penicillin's (the beta ring) by bacterial enzymes, and
production of penicillin binding proteins that have a low affinity for
penicillin's.
Describe the effect of Penicillin on the bacterial cell wall: - - -
correct answer ✅Penicillin works to break down the bacterial cell
wall by inhibiting transpeptidases (enzymes that give the cell wall
strength) and by activating autolysins (which break down cell wall
growth).
List bacteria most commonly treated by PCN: - - -
correct answer ✅Mostly gram-positive bacteria
Describe the 3 mechanisms of bacterial resistance: - - -
correct answer ✅Inability of penicillins to reach their target,
inactivation of penicillins (the beta ring) by bacterial enzymes, and
production of PBP's that have low affinity for penicillins.
Differentiate between broad-spectrum and narrow spectrum
penicillins - - -
, NUR 219 Exam 4 Questions And
Answers 100% pass
correct answer ✅Broad-spectrum are aminopenicillins, so
amoxicillin and ampicillin. Narrow spectrum penicillins are
penicillinase-sensitive, penicillinase-resistant, and anti-
staphlococcal penicillins, so nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin, and
methicillin
Describe penicillin sensitivity - - -
correct answer ✅Penicillin sensitivity is when a patient has an
allergy to a penicillin that can be anywhere from a minor rash to
anaphylaxis.
How is sensitivity diagnosed? - - -
correct answer ✅It is diagnosed by watching a patient closely if it
is there first time receiving penicillin. There could be an immediate,
accelerated or even late reaction.
How is sensitivity treated? - - -
correct answer ✅It is treated with epinephrine, respiratory
support and skin testing prevention. Consider using cephalosporin
if it is a mild reaction, but avoid it all together if it's a severe
reaction
Describe the characteristics of the prototype drug: Penicillin G
(Bicillin) - - -
