Clinical Immunology and Serology
Immunology - correct answers Study of a host's reactions when foreign substances are
introduced into the body
Antigens - correct answers Foreign substances that induce a host response
Immunity - correct answers The condition of being resistant to infection
Attenuation - correct answers Change- make a pathogen less virulent (heat, aging, or
chemical means)
Phagocytes - correct answers Cells that eat- part of natural or innate host defense
humoral immunity - correct answers specific immunity produced by B cells (plasma
cells) that produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids
Antibodies - correct answers Serum proteins produced by certain lymphocytes when
exposed to a foreign substance and they react specifically with that foreign substance
Innate (natural) immunity - correct answers The individual's ability to resist infection by
means of normally present body functions
Adaptive immunity - correct answers Type of resistance that is characterized by
specificity for each individual pathogen, or microbial agent, and the ability to remember
a prior exposure
increased response to that pathogen upon repeated exposure
Leukocytes - correct answers White blood cells in the peripheral blood that play a key
role in both innate and adaptive immunity
Innate immune cells in periphery - correct answers Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils,
monocytes
Adaptive immune cells in periphery - correct answers Lymphocytes
HSC gives rise to two distinct types of precursor cells: - correct answers Common
myeloid precursors (CMP) and Common lymphoid precursors (CLP)
The common myeloid precursor gives rise to: - correct answers Phagocytic cells:
Monocytes/Macrophages, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Erythrocytes, Platelets
The common lymphoid precursor gives rise to: - correct answers T/NK progenitors (T
and NK cells) and B cell progenitors (B cell and dendritic cells)
Diapedesis - correct answers Passage of white blood cells through intact vessel walls
into tissue
Chemotaxins - correct answers chemical messengers that cause cells to migrate in a
particular direction
Eosinophils - correct answers 1-3% of the circulating WBCs in a nonallergic person
Role of eosinophils - correct answers Attack parasites and toxic proteins and allergic
responses. Regulation of mast cell function
Basophil granules - correct answers histamine, cytokines, growth factors, and heparin
Basophil function - correct answers Regulate T helper cell responses and stimulate B
cells to produce IgE
Monocytes - correct answers Largest cells in peripheral blood
4-10% of total circulating WBCs
up to 30h and migrate into tissue to become macrophages
Macrophages - correct answers Tissue monocytes
, Contain no peroxidase
Named according to a tissue location
Lifespan- months
Macrophage role - correct answers Microbial killing, anti-tumor activity, intracellular
parasite eradication, phagocytosis, secretion cell mediators
Present antigens to T and B cells
Cytokines - correct answers Released by T lymphocytes during immune response
Chemical messengers which enhance macrophage killing activity
Mast cell role - correct answers Allergic reactions
Antigen-presenting cells
Enhance and suppress the adaptive immune response
Dendritic cells - correct answers Phagocytosis
Antigen-presenting cells
Clusters of Differentiation (CD) - correct answers - Surface proteins
- Act as markers of recognition for lymphocytes
B Cells - correct answers Bone marrow
Membrane-bound antibodies: IgM and IgD
Surface proteins CD19, CD21, MHC class II
Thymocytes - correct answers Lymphocyte precursors; enter the thymus from the bone
marrow
3 types of T cells - correct answers helper, cytotoxic, regulatory
CD4 receptor - correct answers helper or regulatory
CD8 receptor - correct answers cytotoxic
NK cells - correct answers Kill target cells without prior exposure
first line of defense against cell that are virally infected, cells infected with other
intracellular pathogens, and tumor cells
stimulated by exposure to IL-12, IFN-a, IFN-b
produce IFN-g and TNFa
NK cell maturation - correct answers Bone Marrow
CD antigens on NK cells - correct answers CD16 (makes contact with antibody coated
cell to lyse) and CD56
NK Cell function - correct answers First line of defense, have cytotoxins to attack
viruses and some tumors, secrete cytokines to prevent viral replication and activate T
cell-mediated immunity
Generate highly specific memory cells
primary lymphoid organs - correct answers bone marrow and thymus
secondary lymphoid organs - correct answers spleen, lymph nodes, mucosal-
associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)
Bones marrow - correct answers Largest tissues in the body and fills the core of all long
flat bones
Thymus - correct answers Small, flat, bilobed organ found in the thorax or chest cavity
right below the thyroid gland and overlying the heart
Increases through puberty then decrease in size
CD3 - correct answers Thymocytes
T cells
Associate with T-cell antigen receptor
Immunology - correct answers Study of a host's reactions when foreign substances are
introduced into the body
Antigens - correct answers Foreign substances that induce a host response
Immunity - correct answers The condition of being resistant to infection
Attenuation - correct answers Change- make a pathogen less virulent (heat, aging, or
chemical means)
Phagocytes - correct answers Cells that eat- part of natural or innate host defense
humoral immunity - correct answers specific immunity produced by B cells (plasma
cells) that produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids
Antibodies - correct answers Serum proteins produced by certain lymphocytes when
exposed to a foreign substance and they react specifically with that foreign substance
Innate (natural) immunity - correct answers The individual's ability to resist infection by
means of normally present body functions
Adaptive immunity - correct answers Type of resistance that is characterized by
specificity for each individual pathogen, or microbial agent, and the ability to remember
a prior exposure
increased response to that pathogen upon repeated exposure
Leukocytes - correct answers White blood cells in the peripheral blood that play a key
role in both innate and adaptive immunity
Innate immune cells in periphery - correct answers Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils,
monocytes
Adaptive immune cells in periphery - correct answers Lymphocytes
HSC gives rise to two distinct types of precursor cells: - correct answers Common
myeloid precursors (CMP) and Common lymphoid precursors (CLP)
The common myeloid precursor gives rise to: - correct answers Phagocytic cells:
Monocytes/Macrophages, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Erythrocytes, Platelets
The common lymphoid precursor gives rise to: - correct answers T/NK progenitors (T
and NK cells) and B cell progenitors (B cell and dendritic cells)
Diapedesis - correct answers Passage of white blood cells through intact vessel walls
into tissue
Chemotaxins - correct answers chemical messengers that cause cells to migrate in a
particular direction
Eosinophils - correct answers 1-3% of the circulating WBCs in a nonallergic person
Role of eosinophils - correct answers Attack parasites and toxic proteins and allergic
responses. Regulation of mast cell function
Basophil granules - correct answers histamine, cytokines, growth factors, and heparin
Basophil function - correct answers Regulate T helper cell responses and stimulate B
cells to produce IgE
Monocytes - correct answers Largest cells in peripheral blood
4-10% of total circulating WBCs
up to 30h and migrate into tissue to become macrophages
Macrophages - correct answers Tissue monocytes
, Contain no peroxidase
Named according to a tissue location
Lifespan- months
Macrophage role - correct answers Microbial killing, anti-tumor activity, intracellular
parasite eradication, phagocytosis, secretion cell mediators
Present antigens to T and B cells
Cytokines - correct answers Released by T lymphocytes during immune response
Chemical messengers which enhance macrophage killing activity
Mast cell role - correct answers Allergic reactions
Antigen-presenting cells
Enhance and suppress the adaptive immune response
Dendritic cells - correct answers Phagocytosis
Antigen-presenting cells
Clusters of Differentiation (CD) - correct answers - Surface proteins
- Act as markers of recognition for lymphocytes
B Cells - correct answers Bone marrow
Membrane-bound antibodies: IgM and IgD
Surface proteins CD19, CD21, MHC class II
Thymocytes - correct answers Lymphocyte precursors; enter the thymus from the bone
marrow
3 types of T cells - correct answers helper, cytotoxic, regulatory
CD4 receptor - correct answers helper or regulatory
CD8 receptor - correct answers cytotoxic
NK cells - correct answers Kill target cells without prior exposure
first line of defense against cell that are virally infected, cells infected with other
intracellular pathogens, and tumor cells
stimulated by exposure to IL-12, IFN-a, IFN-b
produce IFN-g and TNFa
NK cell maturation - correct answers Bone Marrow
CD antigens on NK cells - correct answers CD16 (makes contact with antibody coated
cell to lyse) and CD56
NK Cell function - correct answers First line of defense, have cytotoxins to attack
viruses and some tumors, secrete cytokines to prevent viral replication and activate T
cell-mediated immunity
Generate highly specific memory cells
primary lymphoid organs - correct answers bone marrow and thymus
secondary lymphoid organs - correct answers spleen, lymph nodes, mucosal-
associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)
Bones marrow - correct answers Largest tissues in the body and fills the core of all long
flat bones
Thymus - correct answers Small, flat, bilobed organ found in the thorax or chest cavity
right below the thyroid gland and overlying the heart
Increases through puberty then decrease in size
CD3 - correct answers Thymocytes
T cells
Associate with T-cell antigen receptor
