Human Biology (HUMBIO 156)
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Which of the following processes is responsible for generating genetic variation
in humans?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) DNA replication
d) Protein synthesis
2. What is the primary function of the mitochondria in human cells?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Energy production via ATP
c) Storing genetic material
d) Regulating osmosis
3. Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into
cells?
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Cortisol
d) Adrenaline
4. The human body maintains homeostasis through which of the following mechanisms?
a) Positive feedback loops
b) Negative feedback loops
c) Protein denaturation
d) Enzyme degradation
5. Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen and
nutrients throughout the body?
a) Respiratory system
b) Digestive system
c) Circulatory system
d) Nervous system
Section B: Short Answer Questions
1. Explain the role of the kidney in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in
the body.
2. What are the key differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous
systems? Provide one example of each system's function.
3. Describe how enzymes function as biological catalysts and explain the effect of
temperature on enzyme activity.
4. What is the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes in human biology?
5. Discuss the significance of the hypothalamus in regulating body temperature and
other homeostatic processes.
Section C: Essay Questions
1. Describe the process of cellular respiration, including the role of glycolysis,
the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain in ATP production.
2. Analyze the impact of lifestyle choices (e.g., nutrition, exercise, and smoking)
on cardiovascular health. Provide evidence-based strategies to reduce the risk of
cardiovascular disease.
3. Explain the human immune system's response to infection, focusing on innate
immunity, adaptive immunity, and the role of antibodies.
4. Discuss the process of human development from fertilization to early embryonic
stages, highlighting key milestones in cellular differentiation and organogenesis.
5. Evaluate the effects of endocrine disruption on human health, using specific
examples such as thyroid or reproductive hormone imbalances.
Section D: Case Study
Case Study
A 45-year-old patient presents with fatigue, excessive thirst, and frequent
urination. Blood tests reveal elevated glucose levels and low insulin production.
The patient is diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Which of the following processes is responsible for generating genetic variation
in humans?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) DNA replication
d) Protein synthesis
2. What is the primary function of the mitochondria in human cells?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Energy production via ATP
c) Storing genetic material
d) Regulating osmosis
3. Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into
cells?
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Cortisol
d) Adrenaline
4. The human body maintains homeostasis through which of the following mechanisms?
a) Positive feedback loops
b) Negative feedback loops
c) Protein denaturation
d) Enzyme degradation
5. Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen and
nutrients throughout the body?
a) Respiratory system
b) Digestive system
c) Circulatory system
d) Nervous system
Section B: Short Answer Questions
1. Explain the role of the kidney in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in
the body.
2. What are the key differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous
systems? Provide one example of each system's function.
3. Describe how enzymes function as biological catalysts and explain the effect of
temperature on enzyme activity.
4. What is the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes in human biology?
5. Discuss the significance of the hypothalamus in regulating body temperature and
other homeostatic processes.
Section C: Essay Questions
1. Describe the process of cellular respiration, including the role of glycolysis,
the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain in ATP production.
2. Analyze the impact of lifestyle choices (e.g., nutrition, exercise, and smoking)
on cardiovascular health. Provide evidence-based strategies to reduce the risk of
cardiovascular disease.
3. Explain the human immune system's response to infection, focusing on innate
immunity, adaptive immunity, and the role of antibodies.
4. Discuss the process of human development from fertilization to early embryonic
stages, highlighting key milestones in cellular differentiation and organogenesis.
5. Evaluate the effects of endocrine disruption on human health, using specific
examples such as thyroid or reproductive hormone imbalances.
Section D: Case Study
Case Study
A 45-year-old patient presents with fatigue, excessive thirst, and frequent
urination. Blood tests reveal elevated glucose levels and low insulin production.
The patient is diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
