Straighterline Microbiology Final Exam Ch 4 With 100% Correct And Verified Answers

Straighterline Microbiology Final Exam Ch 4 With 100% Correct And Verified Answers what is the difference between bacteria/archaea and eukaryotes when it comes to DNA? - Correct Answer-Bacteria and archaea have nuclear material that is free in the cytoplasm Eukaryotes have a nucleus What is the difference between bacteria cell wall and archaea? - Correct Answer-Bacteria: cell wall made of peptidoglycan Archaea: cell wall distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes What cell structures are found in all bacteria - Correct Answer- cytoplasmic membrane chromosone/nucleiod ribosomes cytoplasm Cyctoplasmic membrane - Correct Answer-a thin sheet of lipid/protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and controls flow of materials in/out of cell pools Energy reactions Nutrient processing Synthesis Regulate transport: Passage of nutrients into the cellDischarge of wastes Bacterial chromosome or nucleoid - Correct Answer-composed of condensed DNA molecules. DNA directs all genetics and heredity of the cell and codes for all proteins ribosome - Correct Answer-Makes proteins cytoplasm - Correct Answer-water-based solution filling the entire cell S layer - Correct Answer-monolayer of protein used for protection and/or attachment Fimbriae - Correct Answer-fine bristles that help attach to cells/surfaces outer membrane - Correct Answer-controls flow of materials and portions of it are toxic to mammals when released cell wall - Correct Answer-A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell actin cytoskeleton - Correct Answer-long fibers of proteins that encircle the cell just inside the cell membrane and contribute to the shape of the cell pilus - Correct Answer-an appendage used for drawing another bacterium close in order to transfer DNA to it capsule - Correct Answer-a coating that surrounds some bacterial cells; a loose gel-like structure that, in pathogenic bacteria, helps to protect against phagocytosis. granule - Correct Answer-stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in dense crystals or particles that can be tapped into when needed bacterial microcompartments - Correct Answer-protein coated packets used to localize enzymes and other proteins in the cytoplasm plasmid - Correct Answer-double stranded DNA circle containing extra genes flagellum - Correct Answer-specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body that holds a long, rotating filament. the movement pushes the cell forward and provides motility endospore - Correct Answer-dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse conditions How is a biofilm formed? - Correct Answer-microorganisms attach to surfaces, initial attachment is usually reversible but if followed by growth of micro-organism and production of an exopolymer the attachment becomes irreversible. Quorum sensing in bacteria - Correct Answer-produce and release chemical signal molecules called autoinducers that increase in concentration as a function of cell density bacteria cells are capable of what - Correct Answer-carrying out all necessary life activities: Reproduction Metabolism Nutrient processing What are the three shapes of bacteria? Describe them - Correct Answer-Three general shapes of bacteria Coccus: spheres, oval, bean-shaped, pointed Bacillus: cylindrical, filamentous, club-shaped Vibrio: curved pleomorphism - Correct Answer-Variations in size and shape among cells of a single species diplococci (coccus group) - Correct Answer-pairs tetrads (coccus group) - Correct Answer-groups of 4 staphylococci (coccus group) - Correct Answer-irregular clusters streptococci (coccus group) - Correct Answer-chains of a few hundreds of cells sarcina (coccus group) - Correct Answer-cubical packet of 8, 16, or more cells diplobacilli (bacilli group) - Correct Answer-pairs of cells with their ends attached streptobacilli (bacilli group) - Correct Answer-chains of cells palisades (bacilli group) - Correct Answer-cells of a chain that fold into rows appendages - Correct Answer-Flagella and axial filaments: provide motility Fimbriae and pili: provide attachment points or channels what is flagella composed of - Correct Answer-filament, hook, basal body (consist of rings that correspond with cell envelope) - gram negative has 4 rings - gram positive has 2 rings motility proteins - Correct Answer-Contraction and movement of cells and intracellular structures polar flagella - Correct Answer-flagella attached at one or both ends of the cell monotrichous flagella - Correct Answer-one f