TREW
TEST BANK
Basic & Applied Concepts of Blood Banking and Transfusion
Practices
by Paula R. Howard
5th Edition
2024 FULL TEST BANK!!!
GFDS
, TREW
Test Bank for Basic & Applied Concepts of Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices 5th
Edition – By Paula Howard ISBN: 9780323697392
Table of Contents
Part I: Quality and Safety Issues
1. Quality Assurance and Regulation of the Blood Industry: Safety Issues in the Blood Bank
Part II: Foundations: Basic Sciences and Reagents
2. Immunology: Basic Principles and Applications in the Blood Bank
3. Blood Banking Reagents: Overview and Applications
4. Genetic Principles in Blood Banking
Part III: Overview of the Major Blood Groups
5. ABO and H Blood Group Systems and Secretor Status
6. Rh Blood Group System
7. Other Red Cell Blood Group Systems, Human Leukocyte Antigens, and Platelet Antigens
Part IV: Essentials of Pretransfusion Testing
8. Antibody Detection and Identification
9. Compatibility Testing
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10. Blood Bank Automation for Transfusion Services
Part V: Clinical Considerations in Immunohematology
11. Adverse Complications of Transfusions
12. Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn
Part VI: Blood Collecting and Testing
13. Donor Selection and Phlebotomy
14. Testing of Donor Blood
Part VII: Blood Component Preparation and Transfusion Therapy
15. Blood Component Preparation and Therapy
16. Transfusion Therapy in Selected Patients
2024
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Chapter 01: Quality Assurance and Regulation of the Blood Industry and Safety Issues
in the Blood Bank
Howard: Basic & Applied Concepts of Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices, 4th
Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following agencies administers the Clinical Laboratory Improvement
Amendments?
a.AABB
b.Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
c.OSHA
d.Food and Drug Administration
ANS: B
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services administers CLIA, Medicare, Medicaid, and
HIPAA.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 3
2. A laboratory technologist decided she would like to bring her lab coat home for laundering
because it had too many wrinkles when returned by the laboratory’s laundry service. Is this
practice acceptable?
a. Yes, if she uses 10% bleach
b. Yes, if she clears it with her supervisor
c. Yes, as long as she removes the coat and does not wear it home
d. No, because the laboratory is a biosafety level 2, and lab coats may not be
removed
ANS: D
Methods of transporting the lab coat and the risk of contamination do not permit health care
workers to bring lab coats home for cleaning.
DIF: Level 2 REF: p. 14
3. Personal protective equipment includes:
a. safety glasses.
b. splash barriers.
c. masks.
d. All of the above
ANS: D
Safety glasses, splash barriers, and masks are types of personal protective devices.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 14
4. At what point in the employment process should safety training take place?
a. During orientation and training
b. Following lab training when employees are more familiar with their
responsibilities
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c. Following the employees’ first evaluation
d. Before independent work is permitted and annually thereafter
ANS: D
The Occupation Safety and Health Administration requires safety training before independent
work is permitted and annually thereafter.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 17
5. In safety training, employees must become familiar with all of the following except:
a. tasks that have an infectious risk.
b. limits of protective clothing and equipment.
c. the appropriate action to take if exposure occurs.
d. how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a donor or other employee.
ANS: D
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration requirements include all of those listed
except cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 13
6. Blood irradiators require all of the following safety procedures except:
a. proper training.
b. that the user have a degree in radiology.
c. equipment leak detection.
d. personal protective equipment.
ANS: B
Blood bank and transfusion service technologists require training but not a degree to use a
blood irradiator.
DIF: Level 2 REF: p. 16
7. Which of the following is true regarding good manufacturing practices (GMPs)?
a. GMPs are legal requirements established by the Food and Drug Administration.
b. GMPs are optional guidelines written by the AABB.
c. GMPs are required only by pharmaceutical companies.
d. GMPs are part of the quality control requirements for blood products.
ANS: A
Good manufacturing practices are requirements established by the Food and Drug
Administration.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 5
8. Which of the following is an example of an unacceptable record-keeping procedure?
a. Using dittos in columns to save time
b. Recording the date and initials next to a correction
c. Not deleting the original entry when making a correction
d. Always using permanent ink on all records
ANS: A
All records must be clearly written. Dittos are unacceptable.
2024
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, TREW
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 7
9. A technologist in training noticed that the person training her had not recorded the results of a
test. To be helpful, she carefully recorded the results she saw at a later time, using the
technologist’s initials. Is this an acceptable procedure?
a. Yes; all results must be recorded regardless of who did the test.
b. No; she should have brought the error to the technologist’s attention.
c. Yes; because she used the other technologist’s initials.
d. Yes; as long as she records the result in pencil.
ANS: B
This is an example of poor record keeping; results must be recorded when the test is
performed and by the person doing the test.
DIF: Level 3 REF: p. 8
10. Unacceptable quality control results for the antiglobulin test performed in test tubes may be
noticed if:
a. preventive maintenance has not been performed on the cell washer.
b. the technologist performing the test was never trained.
c. the reagents used were improperly stored.
d. All of the above
ANS: D
Training, equipment maintenance, and reagent quality can affect quality control.
DIF: Level 2 REF: p. 5
11. All of the following are true regarding competency testing except:
a. it must be performed following training.
b. it must be performed on an annual basis.
c. it is required only if the technologist has no experience.
d. retraining is required if there is a failure in competency testing.
ANS: C
All employees must have competency testing following training and annually thereafter. If
there is a failure in competency testing, retraining is required.
DIF: Level 2 REF: p. 10
12. Which of the following organizations are involved in the regulation of blood banks?
a. The Joint Commission
b. AABB
c. College of American Pathologists
d. Food and Drug Administration
ANS: D
The Food and Drug Administration regulates blood banks, whereas the other organizations are
involved in accreditation.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 2
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13. All of the following are responsibilities of the quality assurance department of a blood bank
except:
a. performing internal audits.
b. performing quality control.
c. reviewing standard operating procedures.
d. reviewing and approving training programs.
ANS: B
Quality control is performed in the laboratory, not by the quality assurance department.
DIF: Level 2 REF: p. 5
14. The standard operating procedure is a document that:
a. helps achieve consistency of results.
b. may be substituted with package inserts.
c. is necessary only for training new employees.
d. must be very detailed to be accurate.
ANS: A
Standard operating procedures are written procedures that help achieve consistency and
should be clear and concise.
DIF: Level 2 REF: p. 8
15. Employee training takes place:
a. after hiring and following implementation of new procedures.
b. following competency assessment.
c. only for new inexperienced employees.
d. as procedures are validated.
ANS: A
Training occurs with all new employees regardless of their experience and following
implementation of new procedures.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 10
16. Plans that provide the framework for establishing quality assurance in an organization are:
a. current good manufacturing practices.
b. standard operating procedures.
c. change control plan.
d. continuous quality improvement plan.
ANS: D
The total quality management or continuous quality improvement plan are part of the quality
assurance program in an organization.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 4
17. A facility does not validate a refrigerator before use. What is a potential outcome?
a. The facility is in violation of current good manufacturing practices and could be
cited by the Food and Drug Administration.
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b. The facility is in compliance if the equipment functions properly.
c. The facility is in compliance if the blood products stored in it are not transfused.
d. The facility is in violation of AABB and may no longer be members.
ANS: A
Validation of equipment is a current good manufacturing practice, which is a legal
requirement established by the Food and Drug Administration.
DIF: Level 2 REF: p. 12
18. In a routine audit of a facilities blood collection area, the quality assurance department found
that the blood bags used on that particular day had expired. What is the appropriate course of
action?
a. Initiate a root cause analysis and quarantine the blood collected in the expired
bags.
b. Call the Food and Drug Administration to report the incident.
c. Change the expiration date on the bags to avoid legal issues.
d. Fire the donor room supervisor, and discard the blood collected in the expired
bags.
ANS: A
A root cause analysis will determine the factors that contributed to the error and result in a
plan to prevent further errors.
DIF: Level 3 REF: p. 11
19. Several units were released to a hospital by mistake before all viral marker testing was
completed. What is the appropriate course of action?
a. The error is reportable, and the Food and Drug Administration must be contacted.
b. Ask the hospital to avoid transfusion and quickly complete the testing.
c. Perform a root cause analysis and, if the units are found to be negative, report the
test result to the hospital.
d. Recall only the units that are positive for viral markers.
ANS: A
Release of untested units is a reportable error to the Food and Drug Administration.
DIF: Level 3 REF: p. 11
MATCHING
Match the government or accrediting agencies with the description that best fits their
purpose.
a. Ensures safe and healthful working conditions
b. Ensures the safety and efficacy of biologics, drugs, and devices
c. Provides peer-reviewed accreditation for hospital laboratories
d. Professional organization that accredits blood banks and transfusion services
e. Makes recommendations to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
regarding the prevention of disease transmission
1. FDA
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2. OSHA
3. CDC
4. AABB
5. CAP
1. ANS: B DIF: Level 1
2. ANS: A DIF: Level 1
3. ANS: E DIF: Level 1
4. ANS: D DIF: Level 1
5. ANS: C DIF: Level 1
Match the following descriptions with the appropriate terms.
a. The CAP survey is an example
b. Systematic evaluations to determine whether procedures are being followed
c. Testing to determine the accuracy and precision of reagents and equipment
d. Process of standardizing an instrument against a known value
e. Removal of products from the market that might compromise the safety of the
recipient
f. Degree to which a measurement represents the true value
g. Establishing that a specific process produces an expected result
h. Evaluation of an employee’s ability to perform a specific skill
i. Investigation and identification of the factors that contributed to an error
j. Maximizes the duration of equipment and increases the reliability of the
equipment
k. System to plan and implement changes to prevent problems
6. Root cause analysis
7. Recall
8. Accuracy
9. Validation
10. Calibration
11. Quality control
12. Proficiency test
13. Competency assessment
14. Change control
15. Audit
16. Preventive maintenance
6. ANS: I DIF: Level 1
7. ANS: E DIF: Level 1
8. ANS: F DIF: Level 1
9. ANS: G DIF: Level 1
10. ANS: D DIF: Level 1
11. ANS: C DIF: Level 1
12. ANS: A DIF: Level 1
13. ANS: H DIF: Level 1
14. ANS: K DIF: Level 1
15. ANS: B DIF: Level 1
16. ANS: J DIF: Level 1
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TRUE/FALSE
1. The Occupation Safety and Health Administration does not require the routine use of gloves
by phlebotomists working with healthy prescreened donors or changing unsoiled gloves
between donors.
ANS: T
Because the risk of exposure is minimal with blood donors, the Occupation Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) does not require gloves, or if gloves are worn, OSHA does not
require that unsoiled gloves be changed between donors.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 15
2. All accidents, even minor ones, must be reported to a supervisor.
ANS: T
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, workers’ compensation, and other
regulatory agencies require reporting all accidents, and an investigation to avoid other injuries
is mandatory.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 16
3. Quality control is the same as quality assurance.
ANS: F
Quality control is performed on reagents and equipment; quality assurance is a system to
ensure safe and effective products.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 5
2024
GFDS
TEST BANK
Basic & Applied Concepts of Blood Banking and Transfusion
Practices
by Paula R. Howard
5th Edition
2024 FULL TEST BANK!!!
GFDS
, TREW
Test Bank for Basic & Applied Concepts of Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices 5th
Edition – By Paula Howard ISBN: 9780323697392
Table of Contents
Part I: Quality and Safety Issues
1. Quality Assurance and Regulation of the Blood Industry: Safety Issues in the Blood Bank
Part II: Foundations: Basic Sciences and Reagents
2. Immunology: Basic Principles and Applications in the Blood Bank
3. Blood Banking Reagents: Overview and Applications
4. Genetic Principles in Blood Banking
Part III: Overview of the Major Blood Groups
5. ABO and H Blood Group Systems and Secretor Status
6. Rh Blood Group System
7. Other Red Cell Blood Group Systems, Human Leukocyte Antigens, and Platelet Antigens
Part IV: Essentials of Pretransfusion Testing
8. Antibody Detection and Identification
9. Compatibility Testing
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, TREW
10. Blood Bank Automation for Transfusion Services
Part V: Clinical Considerations in Immunohematology
11. Adverse Complications of Transfusions
12. Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn
Part VI: Blood Collecting and Testing
13. Donor Selection and Phlebotomy
14. Testing of Donor Blood
Part VII: Blood Component Preparation and Transfusion Therapy
15. Blood Component Preparation and Therapy
16. Transfusion Therapy in Selected Patients
2024
GFDS
, TREW
Chapter 01: Quality Assurance and Regulation of the Blood Industry and Safety Issues
in the Blood Bank
Howard: Basic & Applied Concepts of Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices, 4th
Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following agencies administers the Clinical Laboratory Improvement
Amendments?
a.AABB
b.Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
c.OSHA
d.Food and Drug Administration
ANS: B
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services administers CLIA, Medicare, Medicaid, and
HIPAA.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 3
2. A laboratory technologist decided she would like to bring her lab coat home for laundering
because it had too many wrinkles when returned by the laboratory’s laundry service. Is this
practice acceptable?
a. Yes, if she uses 10% bleach
b. Yes, if she clears it with her supervisor
c. Yes, as long as she removes the coat and does not wear it home
d. No, because the laboratory is a biosafety level 2, and lab coats may not be
removed
ANS: D
Methods of transporting the lab coat and the risk of contamination do not permit health care
workers to bring lab coats home for cleaning.
DIF: Level 2 REF: p. 14
3. Personal protective equipment includes:
a. safety glasses.
b. splash barriers.
c. masks.
d. All of the above
ANS: D
Safety glasses, splash barriers, and masks are types of personal protective devices.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 14
4. At what point in the employment process should safety training take place?
a. During orientation and training
b. Following lab training when employees are more familiar with their
responsibilities
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, TREW
c. Following the employees’ first evaluation
d. Before independent work is permitted and annually thereafter
ANS: D
The Occupation Safety and Health Administration requires safety training before independent
work is permitted and annually thereafter.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 17
5. In safety training, employees must become familiar with all of the following except:
a. tasks that have an infectious risk.
b. limits of protective clothing and equipment.
c. the appropriate action to take if exposure occurs.
d. how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a donor or other employee.
ANS: D
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration requirements include all of those listed
except cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 13
6. Blood irradiators require all of the following safety procedures except:
a. proper training.
b. that the user have a degree in radiology.
c. equipment leak detection.
d. personal protective equipment.
ANS: B
Blood bank and transfusion service technologists require training but not a degree to use a
blood irradiator.
DIF: Level 2 REF: p. 16
7. Which of the following is true regarding good manufacturing practices (GMPs)?
a. GMPs are legal requirements established by the Food and Drug Administration.
b. GMPs are optional guidelines written by the AABB.
c. GMPs are required only by pharmaceutical companies.
d. GMPs are part of the quality control requirements for blood products.
ANS: A
Good manufacturing practices are requirements established by the Food and Drug
Administration.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 5
8. Which of the following is an example of an unacceptable record-keeping procedure?
a. Using dittos in columns to save time
b. Recording the date and initials next to a correction
c. Not deleting the original entry when making a correction
d. Always using permanent ink on all records
ANS: A
All records must be clearly written. Dittos are unacceptable.
2024
GFDS
, TREW
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 7
9. A technologist in training noticed that the person training her had not recorded the results of a
test. To be helpful, she carefully recorded the results she saw at a later time, using the
technologist’s initials. Is this an acceptable procedure?
a. Yes; all results must be recorded regardless of who did the test.
b. No; she should have brought the error to the technologist’s attention.
c. Yes; because she used the other technologist’s initials.
d. Yes; as long as she records the result in pencil.
ANS: B
This is an example of poor record keeping; results must be recorded when the test is
performed and by the person doing the test.
DIF: Level 3 REF: p. 8
10. Unacceptable quality control results for the antiglobulin test performed in test tubes may be
noticed if:
a. preventive maintenance has not been performed on the cell washer.
b. the technologist performing the test was never trained.
c. the reagents used were improperly stored.
d. All of the above
ANS: D
Training, equipment maintenance, and reagent quality can affect quality control.
DIF: Level 2 REF: p. 5
11. All of the following are true regarding competency testing except:
a. it must be performed following training.
b. it must be performed on an annual basis.
c. it is required only if the technologist has no experience.
d. retraining is required if there is a failure in competency testing.
ANS: C
All employees must have competency testing following training and annually thereafter. If
there is a failure in competency testing, retraining is required.
DIF: Level 2 REF: p. 10
12. Which of the following organizations are involved in the regulation of blood banks?
a. The Joint Commission
b. AABB
c. College of American Pathologists
d. Food and Drug Administration
ANS: D
The Food and Drug Administration regulates blood banks, whereas the other organizations are
involved in accreditation.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 2
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13. All of the following are responsibilities of the quality assurance department of a blood bank
except:
a. performing internal audits.
b. performing quality control.
c. reviewing standard operating procedures.
d. reviewing and approving training programs.
ANS: B
Quality control is performed in the laboratory, not by the quality assurance department.
DIF: Level 2 REF: p. 5
14. The standard operating procedure is a document that:
a. helps achieve consistency of results.
b. may be substituted with package inserts.
c. is necessary only for training new employees.
d. must be very detailed to be accurate.
ANS: A
Standard operating procedures are written procedures that help achieve consistency and
should be clear and concise.
DIF: Level 2 REF: p. 8
15. Employee training takes place:
a. after hiring and following implementation of new procedures.
b. following competency assessment.
c. only for new inexperienced employees.
d. as procedures are validated.
ANS: A
Training occurs with all new employees regardless of their experience and following
implementation of new procedures.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 10
16. Plans that provide the framework for establishing quality assurance in an organization are:
a. current good manufacturing practices.
b. standard operating procedures.
c. change control plan.
d. continuous quality improvement plan.
ANS: D
The total quality management or continuous quality improvement plan are part of the quality
assurance program in an organization.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 4
17. A facility does not validate a refrigerator before use. What is a potential outcome?
a. The facility is in violation of current good manufacturing practices and could be
cited by the Food and Drug Administration.
2024
GFDS
, TREW
b. The facility is in compliance if the equipment functions properly.
c. The facility is in compliance if the blood products stored in it are not transfused.
d. The facility is in violation of AABB and may no longer be members.
ANS: A
Validation of equipment is a current good manufacturing practice, which is a legal
requirement established by the Food and Drug Administration.
DIF: Level 2 REF: p. 12
18. In a routine audit of a facilities blood collection area, the quality assurance department found
that the blood bags used on that particular day had expired. What is the appropriate course of
action?
a. Initiate a root cause analysis and quarantine the blood collected in the expired
bags.
b. Call the Food and Drug Administration to report the incident.
c. Change the expiration date on the bags to avoid legal issues.
d. Fire the donor room supervisor, and discard the blood collected in the expired
bags.
ANS: A
A root cause analysis will determine the factors that contributed to the error and result in a
plan to prevent further errors.
DIF: Level 3 REF: p. 11
19. Several units were released to a hospital by mistake before all viral marker testing was
completed. What is the appropriate course of action?
a. The error is reportable, and the Food and Drug Administration must be contacted.
b. Ask the hospital to avoid transfusion and quickly complete the testing.
c. Perform a root cause analysis and, if the units are found to be negative, report the
test result to the hospital.
d. Recall only the units that are positive for viral markers.
ANS: A
Release of untested units is a reportable error to the Food and Drug Administration.
DIF: Level 3 REF: p. 11
MATCHING
Match the government or accrediting agencies with the description that best fits their
purpose.
a. Ensures safe and healthful working conditions
b. Ensures the safety and efficacy of biologics, drugs, and devices
c. Provides peer-reviewed accreditation for hospital laboratories
d. Professional organization that accredits blood banks and transfusion services
e. Makes recommendations to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
regarding the prevention of disease transmission
1. FDA
2024
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, TREW
2. OSHA
3. CDC
4. AABB
5. CAP
1. ANS: B DIF: Level 1
2. ANS: A DIF: Level 1
3. ANS: E DIF: Level 1
4. ANS: D DIF: Level 1
5. ANS: C DIF: Level 1
Match the following descriptions with the appropriate terms.
a. The CAP survey is an example
b. Systematic evaluations to determine whether procedures are being followed
c. Testing to determine the accuracy and precision of reagents and equipment
d. Process of standardizing an instrument against a known value
e. Removal of products from the market that might compromise the safety of the
recipient
f. Degree to which a measurement represents the true value
g. Establishing that a specific process produces an expected result
h. Evaluation of an employee’s ability to perform a specific skill
i. Investigation and identification of the factors that contributed to an error
j. Maximizes the duration of equipment and increases the reliability of the
equipment
k. System to plan and implement changes to prevent problems
6. Root cause analysis
7. Recall
8. Accuracy
9. Validation
10. Calibration
11. Quality control
12. Proficiency test
13. Competency assessment
14. Change control
15. Audit
16. Preventive maintenance
6. ANS: I DIF: Level 1
7. ANS: E DIF: Level 1
8. ANS: F DIF: Level 1
9. ANS: G DIF: Level 1
10. ANS: D DIF: Level 1
11. ANS: C DIF: Level 1
12. ANS: A DIF: Level 1
13. ANS: H DIF: Level 1
14. ANS: K DIF: Level 1
15. ANS: B DIF: Level 1
16. ANS: J DIF: Level 1
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TRUE/FALSE
1. The Occupation Safety and Health Administration does not require the routine use of gloves
by phlebotomists working with healthy prescreened donors or changing unsoiled gloves
between donors.
ANS: T
Because the risk of exposure is minimal with blood donors, the Occupation Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) does not require gloves, or if gloves are worn, OSHA does not
require that unsoiled gloves be changed between donors.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 15
2. All accidents, even minor ones, must be reported to a supervisor.
ANS: T
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, workers’ compensation, and other
regulatory agencies require reporting all accidents, and an investigation to avoid other injuries
is mandatory.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 16
3. Quality control is the same as quality assurance.
ANS: F
Quality control is performed on reagents and equipment; quality assurance is a system to
ensure safe and effective products.
DIF: Level 1 REF: p. 5
2024
GFDS
