Moleculaire Biologie van de Cel
Aantekeningen Deeltoets 2
,Inhoudsopgave
Inhoudsopgave ........................................................................................................ 2
HC: Vesiculair transport ............................................................................................ 5
Making a vesicle.................................................................................................... 6
Targeting a vesicle to the right location ................................................................... 9
Vesicle fusion ..................................................................................................... 11
Examples of vesicular transport pathways ............................................................ 12
Summary: common themes in membrane trafficking pathways.............................. 18
HC: Cytoskelet ....................................................................................................... 19
Cytoskeletal dynamics: Actin ............................................................................... 19
Cytoskeletal dynamics: Microtubules ................................................................... 22
Cytoskeleton-active drugs ................................................................................... 23
Summary ........................................................................................................... 23
Regulation of cytoskeletal organization and dynamics: numerous factors ............... 24
Motor proteins .................................................................................................... 29
Cell polarization and migration ............................................................................ 35
Other cytoskeletal filaments ................................................................................ 37
HC: Celdeling en celcyclus ..................................................................................... 40
De celcyclus ....................................................................................................... 40
Ontdekking van celcyclus genen in gist ................................................................. 40
“Key” functie voor CDC28 (budding yeast) en CDC2 (fssion yeast) .......................... 41
Verschillende CDK’s en cyclines .......................................................................... 42
CDK-regulatie ..................................................................................................... 42
Hoe zorgen CDKs voor de “alles of niets” beslissingen ........................................... 46
Hoe reguleren CDKs dat cellen delen? .................................................................. 49
Checkpoint control ............................................................................................. 54
Samenvatting ..................................................................................................... 56
HC: Stamcellen en regeneratie ................................................................................ 57
Stamcellen: embryonaal - adult ........................................................................... 57
Asymmetrische celdeling .................................................................................... 58
Stamcellen in verschillende weefsels ................................................................... 62
, Regeneratie ........................................................................................................ 66
Induced pluripotent stem cells ............................................................................ 67
HC: Metabolisme ................................................................................................... 70
Persoonlijke achtergrond Burgering ...................................................................... 70
2nd law of thermodynamics ................................................................................ 70
Cellular metabolism ........................................................................................... 71
De building blocks of life...................................................................................... 71
Metabolism: a reductionist view........................................................................... 72
Glycolysis........................................................................................................... 72
A reductionist view: mitochondria ........................................................................ 74
Glucose catabolism ............................................................................................ 74
Cancer metabolism ............................................................................................ 74
How is the Warburg effect advantageous? ............................................................ 76
Metabolic consequences of The Warburg Effect .................................................... 79
Stem cells in the intestinal crypt .......................................................................... 81
Life and the 2nd law of thermodynamics: death ...................................................... 84
HC: Kanker ............................................................................................................ 86
Tumorigenesis = evolution leading to death........................................................... 86
Nomenclature .................................................................................................... 86
Cancer incidence and mortality in the US ............................................................. 86
Tumor growth ..................................................................................................... 87
Aard van genetische afwijkingen .......................................................................... 88
Chronische myeloide leukemie ............................................................................ 89
Solid tumors ....................................................................................................... 89
Driver mutations ................................................................................................. 89
Cancer-critical genes: twee categoriën ................................................................. 91
Wat is mis in tumorcellen? ................................................................................... 95
Fighting cancer ................................................................................................... 98
Waar zijn we nu ................................................................................................... 98
Kinases: ideal drugtargets ................................................................................... 99
Organoids: een nieuw model systeem .................................................................103
Immuno-therapie eindelijk effectief? ...................................................................107
, HC: Cell junctions, polariteit en ECM ......................................................................110
Cell junctions en polariteit ..................................................................................110
Cell junctions ....................................................................................................110
Desmosomen ....................................................................................................115
Cell junctions voor barrière en polariteit ..............................................................117
Polariteit ...........................................................................................................118
Samenvatting cell junctions ................................................................................121
The extracellular matrix ......................................................................................121
Aantekeningen Deeltoets 2
,Inhoudsopgave
Inhoudsopgave ........................................................................................................ 2
HC: Vesiculair transport ............................................................................................ 5
Making a vesicle.................................................................................................... 6
Targeting a vesicle to the right location ................................................................... 9
Vesicle fusion ..................................................................................................... 11
Examples of vesicular transport pathways ............................................................ 12
Summary: common themes in membrane trafficking pathways.............................. 18
HC: Cytoskelet ....................................................................................................... 19
Cytoskeletal dynamics: Actin ............................................................................... 19
Cytoskeletal dynamics: Microtubules ................................................................... 22
Cytoskeleton-active drugs ................................................................................... 23
Summary ........................................................................................................... 23
Regulation of cytoskeletal organization and dynamics: numerous factors ............... 24
Motor proteins .................................................................................................... 29
Cell polarization and migration ............................................................................ 35
Other cytoskeletal filaments ................................................................................ 37
HC: Celdeling en celcyclus ..................................................................................... 40
De celcyclus ....................................................................................................... 40
Ontdekking van celcyclus genen in gist ................................................................. 40
“Key” functie voor CDC28 (budding yeast) en CDC2 (fssion yeast) .......................... 41
Verschillende CDK’s en cyclines .......................................................................... 42
CDK-regulatie ..................................................................................................... 42
Hoe zorgen CDKs voor de “alles of niets” beslissingen ........................................... 46
Hoe reguleren CDKs dat cellen delen? .................................................................. 49
Checkpoint control ............................................................................................. 54
Samenvatting ..................................................................................................... 56
HC: Stamcellen en regeneratie ................................................................................ 57
Stamcellen: embryonaal - adult ........................................................................... 57
Asymmetrische celdeling .................................................................................... 58
Stamcellen in verschillende weefsels ................................................................... 62
, Regeneratie ........................................................................................................ 66
Induced pluripotent stem cells ............................................................................ 67
HC: Metabolisme ................................................................................................... 70
Persoonlijke achtergrond Burgering ...................................................................... 70
2nd law of thermodynamics ................................................................................ 70
Cellular metabolism ........................................................................................... 71
De building blocks of life...................................................................................... 71
Metabolism: a reductionist view........................................................................... 72
Glycolysis........................................................................................................... 72
A reductionist view: mitochondria ........................................................................ 74
Glucose catabolism ............................................................................................ 74
Cancer metabolism ............................................................................................ 74
How is the Warburg effect advantageous? ............................................................ 76
Metabolic consequences of The Warburg Effect .................................................... 79
Stem cells in the intestinal crypt .......................................................................... 81
Life and the 2nd law of thermodynamics: death ...................................................... 84
HC: Kanker ............................................................................................................ 86
Tumorigenesis = evolution leading to death........................................................... 86
Nomenclature .................................................................................................... 86
Cancer incidence and mortality in the US ............................................................. 86
Tumor growth ..................................................................................................... 87
Aard van genetische afwijkingen .......................................................................... 88
Chronische myeloide leukemie ............................................................................ 89
Solid tumors ....................................................................................................... 89
Driver mutations ................................................................................................. 89
Cancer-critical genes: twee categoriën ................................................................. 91
Wat is mis in tumorcellen? ................................................................................... 95
Fighting cancer ................................................................................................... 98
Waar zijn we nu ................................................................................................... 98
Kinases: ideal drugtargets ................................................................................... 99
Organoids: een nieuw model systeem .................................................................103
Immuno-therapie eindelijk effectief? ...................................................................107
, HC: Cell junctions, polariteit en ECM ......................................................................110
Cell junctions en polariteit ..................................................................................110
Cell junctions ....................................................................................................110
Desmosomen ....................................................................................................115
Cell junctions voor barrière en polariteit ..............................................................117
Polariteit ...........................................................................................................118
Samenvatting cell junctions ................................................................................121
The extracellular matrix ......................................................................................121
