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NREMT Cognitive Exam Prep
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Where does the modern EMS system have its origin? - ANSWER ✔✔-The modern EMS system has its
origins in funeral homes, which often operated ambulances. However, funeral home operators were often
serving competing business interests and patients received little trained care until the hospital.
What is considered the "birth" of EMS? - ANSWER ✔✔-In 1966, a paper titled "Accidental Death and
Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society" is published by the National Academy of Sciences.
This paper is widely known in the EMS profession as the White Paper. The White Paper is widely
considered the birth of modern EMS. It spotlighted inadequacies of prehospital care in the United States,
particularly related to trauma.
Who developed the first EMT National Standard Curriculum? - ANSWER ✔✔-Early in the 1970s, the US
Department of Transportation developed the first EMT National Standard Curriculum.
What are the levels of EMS training? - ANSWER ✔✔-Emergency Medical Responder (EMR): provides
basic, immediate care including bleeding control, CPR, AED and emergency childbirth.
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT): includes all EMR skills, advanced oxygen and ventilation skills,
pulse oximetry, noninvasive blood pressure monitoring, and administration of certain medications.
Created by ©EmilyCharlene 2025. All rights reserved.
,2|Page
Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT): includes all EMT skills, advanced airway devices,
intravenous and intraosseous access, blood glucose monitoring, and administration of additional
medications.
Paramedic: includes all preceding training levels, advanced assessment and management skills, various
invasive skills, and extensive pharmacology interventions. This is the highest level of prehospital care
outlined in the National EMS Education Standards.
What are EMT roles and responsibilities? - ANSWER ✔✔-Equipment preparedness
Emergency vehicle operations
Establish, maintain scene safety
Patient assessment and treatment
Lifting and moving
Strong verbal and written communication skills
Patient advocacy
Professional development
Quality improvement
Illness and injury prevention
Maintain certification/licensure
What is the role of the medical director? - ANSWER ✔✔-The medical director is a physician responsible
for providing medical oversight. The medical director oversees quality improvement.
Created by ©EmilyCharlene 2025. All rights reserved.
,3|Page
What are the two types of medical direction? - ANSWER ✔✔-Online medical direction: direct contact
between the physician and EMT via or radio.
Offline medical direction: written guidelines and protocols.
What is an EMT's first priority? - ANSWER ✔✔-The EMT's first priority is always his or her own safety.
Scene safety is always the top priority!
The EMT's safety priorities after personal safety are for his/her partner(s), patients and bystanders.
What are the types of stress? - ANSWER ✔✔-Acute stress: an immediate physiological and psychological
reaction to a specific event.
Delayed stress: a stress reaction that develops after the stressful event. It does not interfere with the
EMT's ability to perform during the stressful event. PTSD is an example of delayed stress.
Cumulative stress: the result of exposure to stressful situations over a prolonged period of time.
What are the stages of grief? - ANSWER ✔✔-Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
How can you prevent the risk of infection? - ANSWER ✔✔-Immediately report exposures to the
designated infection control officer.
Created by ©EmilyCharlene 2025. All rights reserved.
, 4|Page
Handwashing is the single most important way to prevent the spread of infection. Hand sanitizers can be
effective, but soap and water is preferred when available.
What are the two types of PPE? - ANSWER ✔✔-Minimum PPE: gloves and eye protection should be used
during any patient contact situation.
Expanded PPE: use disposable gown and mask for significant contact with any body fluid--for example,
during childbirth. Use a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) mask o N-95 respirator for suspected
airborne disease exposure, such as tuberculosis.
What are emergency moves? - ANSWER ✔✔-These are used when the scene is dangerous and the patient
must be moved before providing patient care. Types of emergency moves include the armpit-forearm
drag, shirt drag, and blanket drag.
What is an urgent move? - ANSWER ✔✔-Used when the patient has potentially life-threatening injuries
or illness and must be moved quickly for evaluation and transport.
Rapid extrication: an urgent move used for patients in a motor vehicle; it requires multiple rescuers and a
long backboard. The patient is rotated onto a backboard with manual cervical spine precautions and
removed from the vehicle.
What are non-urgent moves? - ANSWER ✔✔-Used when there are no hazards and no life-threatening
conditions are apparent.
Types of non-urgent moves include direct ground lift, extremity lift, direct carry method, and draw sheet
method.
What is the log roll technique? - ANSWER ✔✔-Commonly used to place a patient on a backboard or
assess the posterior.
Created by ©EmilyCharlene 2025. All rights reserved.
NREMT Cognitive Exam Prep
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Where does the modern EMS system have its origin? - ANSWER ✔✔-The modern EMS system has its
origins in funeral homes, which often operated ambulances. However, funeral home operators were often
serving competing business interests and patients received little trained care until the hospital.
What is considered the "birth" of EMS? - ANSWER ✔✔-In 1966, a paper titled "Accidental Death and
Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society" is published by the National Academy of Sciences.
This paper is widely known in the EMS profession as the White Paper. The White Paper is widely
considered the birth of modern EMS. It spotlighted inadequacies of prehospital care in the United States,
particularly related to trauma.
Who developed the first EMT National Standard Curriculum? - ANSWER ✔✔-Early in the 1970s, the US
Department of Transportation developed the first EMT National Standard Curriculum.
What are the levels of EMS training? - ANSWER ✔✔-Emergency Medical Responder (EMR): provides
basic, immediate care including bleeding control, CPR, AED and emergency childbirth.
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT): includes all EMR skills, advanced oxygen and ventilation skills,
pulse oximetry, noninvasive blood pressure monitoring, and administration of certain medications.
Created by ©EmilyCharlene 2025. All rights reserved.
,2|Page
Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT): includes all EMT skills, advanced airway devices,
intravenous and intraosseous access, blood glucose monitoring, and administration of additional
medications.
Paramedic: includes all preceding training levels, advanced assessment and management skills, various
invasive skills, and extensive pharmacology interventions. This is the highest level of prehospital care
outlined in the National EMS Education Standards.
What are EMT roles and responsibilities? - ANSWER ✔✔-Equipment preparedness
Emergency vehicle operations
Establish, maintain scene safety
Patient assessment and treatment
Lifting and moving
Strong verbal and written communication skills
Patient advocacy
Professional development
Quality improvement
Illness and injury prevention
Maintain certification/licensure
What is the role of the medical director? - ANSWER ✔✔-The medical director is a physician responsible
for providing medical oversight. The medical director oversees quality improvement.
Created by ©EmilyCharlene 2025. All rights reserved.
,3|Page
What are the two types of medical direction? - ANSWER ✔✔-Online medical direction: direct contact
between the physician and EMT via or radio.
Offline medical direction: written guidelines and protocols.
What is an EMT's first priority? - ANSWER ✔✔-The EMT's first priority is always his or her own safety.
Scene safety is always the top priority!
The EMT's safety priorities after personal safety are for his/her partner(s), patients and bystanders.
What are the types of stress? - ANSWER ✔✔-Acute stress: an immediate physiological and psychological
reaction to a specific event.
Delayed stress: a stress reaction that develops after the stressful event. It does not interfere with the
EMT's ability to perform during the stressful event. PTSD is an example of delayed stress.
Cumulative stress: the result of exposure to stressful situations over a prolonged period of time.
What are the stages of grief? - ANSWER ✔✔-Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
How can you prevent the risk of infection? - ANSWER ✔✔-Immediately report exposures to the
designated infection control officer.
Created by ©EmilyCharlene 2025. All rights reserved.
, 4|Page
Handwashing is the single most important way to prevent the spread of infection. Hand sanitizers can be
effective, but soap and water is preferred when available.
What are the two types of PPE? - ANSWER ✔✔-Minimum PPE: gloves and eye protection should be used
during any patient contact situation.
Expanded PPE: use disposable gown and mask for significant contact with any body fluid--for example,
during childbirth. Use a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) mask o N-95 respirator for suspected
airborne disease exposure, such as tuberculosis.
What are emergency moves? - ANSWER ✔✔-These are used when the scene is dangerous and the patient
must be moved before providing patient care. Types of emergency moves include the armpit-forearm
drag, shirt drag, and blanket drag.
What is an urgent move? - ANSWER ✔✔-Used when the patient has potentially life-threatening injuries
or illness and must be moved quickly for evaluation and transport.
Rapid extrication: an urgent move used for patients in a motor vehicle; it requires multiple rescuers and a
long backboard. The patient is rotated onto a backboard with manual cervical spine precautions and
removed from the vehicle.
What are non-urgent moves? - ANSWER ✔✔-Used when there are no hazards and no life-threatening
conditions are apparent.
Types of non-urgent moves include direct ground lift, extremity lift, direct carry method, and draw sheet
method.
What is the log roll technique? - ANSWER ✔✔-Commonly used to place a patient on a backboard or
assess the posterior.
Created by ©EmilyCharlene 2025. All rights reserved.
