CEN genitourinary, gynecological and obstetrical emergencies questions and answers with solutions 2025

A 24-year-old woman is seen in the emergency department complaining of urinary frequency, pain with urination and urgency. Vital signs are stable and within normal limits. When you obtain a urine specimen, you note that it is cloudy and foul smelling. You should prepare the patient for: a. Admission for acute renal failure b. Discharge with antibiotic therapy c. Admission for lithotripsy d. Discharge without medications - ANSWER B. The symptoms of dysuria, urgency and frequency are classic indicators of a urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infections are very common in women and can almost always be treated on an outpatient basis with a course of antibiotics. When evaluating a patient for Acute Renal Failure, it is helpful to use the RIFLE criteria for classification. This acronym refers to: a. Risk, Injury, Functional decrease, Loss, and End-Stage kidney disease b. Risk, Iatrogenic factors, Failure, Labile diabetes, and End-Stage kidney disease c. Risk, Iatrogenic factors, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage kidney disease d. Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage kidney disease - ANSWER D. ARF can be classified by using Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss and End-stage kidney disease. Risk is defined as an increased serum creatinine level at 1.5 times normal or decrease of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by 25% or decrease in urine output less than 0.5 cc/kg/hr for more than 6 hours. ARF is defined as Injury when the serum creatinine level is increased more than 2 times, GFR is decreased by 50% or urine output is less than 0.5 cc/kg/hr for 12 hours. ARF is defined as Failure when the serum creatinine level is increased more than 3 times, GFR is decreased by 75% or urine output is less than 0.3 cc/kg/hr for 24 hours or anuria for 12 hours. ARF is classified as Loss if there is persistent ARF