WGU patho D236 - Goodluck Exam
Questions and Answers
Turner syndrome - Correct Answers -A chromosomal disorder in females in which either
an *X chromosome* is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X
chromosome is deleted.
Tay-Sachs Disease - Correct Answers -A human genetic disease caused by a recessive
allele for a dysfunctional enzyme leads to the accumulation of certain lipids in the brain.
Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually
become manifest a few months after birth, followed by death within a few years.
Down syndrome - Correct Answers -A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability
and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Diabetes Insipidus - Correct Answers -Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately,
or the kidney is resistant to its effect. The *serum sodium is often elevated* due to
excess free water losses.
In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels are normal, but your kidneys can't
properly concentrate urine.
Cardiac Valve Disease Process - Correct Answers -In heart valve disease, one or more
of the valves in your heart doesn't work properly. Regurgitation (or leakage of the valve).
When the valve(s) do not close completely, it causes blood to flow backward through
the valve. This reduces forward blood flow and can lead to volume overload in the heart.
Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve). When the valve(s) opening becomes narrowed, it
limits the flow of blood out of the ventricles or atria. The heart is forced to pump blood
with increased force to move blood through the narrowed or stiff (stenotic) valve(s).
Cardiac Valve Complications - Correct Answers -Heart valve disease can cause many
complications, including:
* Heart failure.
* Stroke.
* Blood clots.
* Heart rhythm abnormalities.
* Death.
,Respiratory Illness from bats - Correct Answers -*Viral hemorrhagic fevers* are spread
by contact with infected animals or insects. The viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic
fevers live in a variety of animal and insect hosts.
Most commonly, the hosts include mosquitoes, ticks, rodents, or bats. Some viral
hemorrhagic fevers can also be spread from person to person.
Anemia - Correct Answers -Different types of anemia include:
Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency
Anemia due to folate (folic acid) deficiency
Anemia due to iron deficiency
Anemia of chronic disease
Hemolytic anemia
Idiopathic aplastic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia
Acid Base Balance - lung and kidney compensation - Correct Answers -The kidneys
have two main ways to maintain acid-base balance - their cells reabsorb bicarbonate
HCO3− from the urine back to the blood and they secrete hydrogen H+ ions into the
urine.
By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and secreted, they balance the bloodstream's pH.
Pyelonephritis - Correct Answers -Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Is Mono upper or lower airway - Correct Answers -Upper respiratory tract infection
Testicular torsion - Correct Answers -In childhood, torsion of the testes is a common
disorder. Testicular torsion is seen most frequently in the 12- to 18-year-old age group,
but it can occur at any age, including newborns.
Testicular torsion, the twisting of the testis or spermatic cord, places the testis at risk of
vascular compromise and is a surgical emergency.
*Testicular torsion is predominantly unilateral*
(98% of torsion cases) and primarily affects neonates and adolescents in a bimodal
distribution.
Neuro condition causing flat emotions, sleep disturbances - Correct Answers -
#Alzheimer's
#Schizophrenia
#Parkinson's disease
, UTI, blood in urine - any bladder cancer correlation - Correct Answers -Unfortunately,
the most common symptom of bladder cancer—blood in the urine—is also a common
symptom of a UTI.
Other UTI symptoms include irritation or pain when urinating or a frequent and urgent
need to urinate and can also be symptoms of bladder cancer.
Spinabifida - Correct Answers -*Not having enough folic acid* during pregnancy is one
of the most important factors that can increase the chances of having a child with spina
bifida.
Riluzole (Rilutek) used for what - Correct Answers -Riluzole is used to treat
*amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Lou Gehrig's disease)*. Riluzole is in a class of
medications called benzothiazoles.
It works by changing the activity of certain natural substances in the body that affect
nerves and muscles.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) — also called prostate gland enlargement - Correct
Answers -*Transurethral ultrasound*
Prostate cancer - Correct Answers -Cancer of the prostate gland usually occurs in men
middle-aged and older.
Artery response during blood loss.
Does cell shrink or swell ? - Correct Answers -*Vasoconstriction*
Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal dominant trait - Correct Answers -This condition is
inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern , which means one copy of the altered gene
in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder.
At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the FBN1
gene
Spina Bifida - Correct Answers -Not having enough *folic acid* during pregnancy is one
of the most important factors that can increase the chances of having a child with spina
bifida.
Bursitis - Correct Answers -Inflammation of a bursa sac. Inflammation of the fluid-filled
pads (bursae) that act as cushions at the joints.
Sprains and Strains - Correct Answers -A sprain occurs when you overextend or tear a
ligament while severely stressing a joint.A strain occurs when tendons (bands at the
Questions and Answers
Turner syndrome - Correct Answers -A chromosomal disorder in females in which either
an *X chromosome* is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X
chromosome is deleted.
Tay-Sachs Disease - Correct Answers -A human genetic disease caused by a recessive
allele for a dysfunctional enzyme leads to the accumulation of certain lipids in the brain.
Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually
become manifest a few months after birth, followed by death within a few years.
Down syndrome - Correct Answers -A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability
and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Diabetes Insipidus - Correct Answers -Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately,
or the kidney is resistant to its effect. The *serum sodium is often elevated* due to
excess free water losses.
In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels are normal, but your kidneys can't
properly concentrate urine.
Cardiac Valve Disease Process - Correct Answers -In heart valve disease, one or more
of the valves in your heart doesn't work properly. Regurgitation (or leakage of the valve).
When the valve(s) do not close completely, it causes blood to flow backward through
the valve. This reduces forward blood flow and can lead to volume overload in the heart.
Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve). When the valve(s) opening becomes narrowed, it
limits the flow of blood out of the ventricles or atria. The heart is forced to pump blood
with increased force to move blood through the narrowed or stiff (stenotic) valve(s).
Cardiac Valve Complications - Correct Answers -Heart valve disease can cause many
complications, including:
* Heart failure.
* Stroke.
* Blood clots.
* Heart rhythm abnormalities.
* Death.
,Respiratory Illness from bats - Correct Answers -*Viral hemorrhagic fevers* are spread
by contact with infected animals or insects. The viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic
fevers live in a variety of animal and insect hosts.
Most commonly, the hosts include mosquitoes, ticks, rodents, or bats. Some viral
hemorrhagic fevers can also be spread from person to person.
Anemia - Correct Answers -Different types of anemia include:
Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency
Anemia due to folate (folic acid) deficiency
Anemia due to iron deficiency
Anemia of chronic disease
Hemolytic anemia
Idiopathic aplastic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia
Acid Base Balance - lung and kidney compensation - Correct Answers -The kidneys
have two main ways to maintain acid-base balance - their cells reabsorb bicarbonate
HCO3− from the urine back to the blood and they secrete hydrogen H+ ions into the
urine.
By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and secreted, they balance the bloodstream's pH.
Pyelonephritis - Correct Answers -Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Is Mono upper or lower airway - Correct Answers -Upper respiratory tract infection
Testicular torsion - Correct Answers -In childhood, torsion of the testes is a common
disorder. Testicular torsion is seen most frequently in the 12- to 18-year-old age group,
but it can occur at any age, including newborns.
Testicular torsion, the twisting of the testis or spermatic cord, places the testis at risk of
vascular compromise and is a surgical emergency.
*Testicular torsion is predominantly unilateral*
(98% of torsion cases) and primarily affects neonates and adolescents in a bimodal
distribution.
Neuro condition causing flat emotions, sleep disturbances - Correct Answers -
#Alzheimer's
#Schizophrenia
#Parkinson's disease
, UTI, blood in urine - any bladder cancer correlation - Correct Answers -Unfortunately,
the most common symptom of bladder cancer—blood in the urine—is also a common
symptom of a UTI.
Other UTI symptoms include irritation or pain when urinating or a frequent and urgent
need to urinate and can also be symptoms of bladder cancer.
Spinabifida - Correct Answers -*Not having enough folic acid* during pregnancy is one
of the most important factors that can increase the chances of having a child with spina
bifida.
Riluzole (Rilutek) used for what - Correct Answers -Riluzole is used to treat
*amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Lou Gehrig's disease)*. Riluzole is in a class of
medications called benzothiazoles.
It works by changing the activity of certain natural substances in the body that affect
nerves and muscles.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) — also called prostate gland enlargement - Correct
Answers -*Transurethral ultrasound*
Prostate cancer - Correct Answers -Cancer of the prostate gland usually occurs in men
middle-aged and older.
Artery response during blood loss.
Does cell shrink or swell ? - Correct Answers -*Vasoconstriction*
Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal dominant trait - Correct Answers -This condition is
inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern , which means one copy of the altered gene
in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder.
At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the FBN1
gene
Spina Bifida - Correct Answers -Not having enough *folic acid* during pregnancy is one
of the most important factors that can increase the chances of having a child with spina
bifida.
Bursitis - Correct Answers -Inflammation of a bursa sac. Inflammation of the fluid-filled
pads (bursae) that act as cushions at the joints.
Sprains and Strains - Correct Answers -A sprain occurs when you overextend or tear a
ligament while severely stressing a joint.A strain occurs when tendons (bands at the
