WGU Pathophysiology D236 Exam
Questions and Answers
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - Correct Answers -T cells produce
cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - Correct Answers -Mutations
in genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - Correct Answers -
Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. -
Correct Answers -(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - Correct Answers -Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction >
release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in
urine and blood pressure maintained.
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - Correct Answers -disease with
enlarged lung spaces, usually from smoking can cause shortness of breath
What are the three types of jaundice that may present as a result of liver dysfunction?
Describe the cause of each. - Correct Answers -pre-hepatic: excessive breakdown of
RBCs. hepatic: loss of ability of liver to regular billirubin. post-hepatic: due to blockage
or obstruction
Describe the function(s) of the following parts of a nephron: glomerulus, Bowman's
capsule, juxtaglomerular apparatus, proximal tubule, Loop of Henle, distal tubule, and
collecting duct. - Correct Answers -glomerulus filters blood. Bowman's capsule filters
blood from glomerulus capillaries. juxtaglomerular apparatus helps maintain proper flow
and blood pressure. proximal tubule reabsorbs filtrate. Loop of Henle reabsorbs salt and
water from urine. distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct both reabsorb ions and
water and promote homeostasis.
endocarditis vs pericarditis - Correct Answers -endo- inflammation inside heart causing
valves to not fully close - usually due to infection - treatment: abx, valve repair;
, peri- inflammation outside of heart causes heart to be compressed and not fully pump -
from too much fluid / blood surrounding heart from trauma or heart attack - treatment:
NSAIDs + steroids, pericardiocentesis.
both have same signs/symptoms: low oxygen and chest pain
Hypervalemia - Correct Answers -fluid volume excess
s/s: muscle/chest pain, weakness, n/v, palpitations
DKA - Correct Answers -increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - Correct Answers -retain H and excrete
HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - Correct Answers -
Potassium
West Nile Virus - Correct Answers -Transmitted through the bite of an infected
mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - Correct Answers -Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia
burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - Correct Answers -a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child
followed by the sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - Correct Answers -
Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign - Correct Answers -arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - Correct Answers -results from failure of neural tube to
close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - Correct Answers -males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - Correct Answers -ND-PAE, decreased brain
function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - Correct Answers -Connective- RA,
Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - Correct Answers -Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain
and butterfly rash
Questions and Answers
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - Correct Answers -T cells produce
cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - Correct Answers -Mutations
in genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - Correct Answers -
Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. -
Correct Answers -(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - Correct Answers -Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction >
release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in
urine and blood pressure maintained.
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - Correct Answers -disease with
enlarged lung spaces, usually from smoking can cause shortness of breath
What are the three types of jaundice that may present as a result of liver dysfunction?
Describe the cause of each. - Correct Answers -pre-hepatic: excessive breakdown of
RBCs. hepatic: loss of ability of liver to regular billirubin. post-hepatic: due to blockage
or obstruction
Describe the function(s) of the following parts of a nephron: glomerulus, Bowman's
capsule, juxtaglomerular apparatus, proximal tubule, Loop of Henle, distal tubule, and
collecting duct. - Correct Answers -glomerulus filters blood. Bowman's capsule filters
blood from glomerulus capillaries. juxtaglomerular apparatus helps maintain proper flow
and blood pressure. proximal tubule reabsorbs filtrate. Loop of Henle reabsorbs salt and
water from urine. distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct both reabsorb ions and
water and promote homeostasis.
endocarditis vs pericarditis - Correct Answers -endo- inflammation inside heart causing
valves to not fully close - usually due to infection - treatment: abx, valve repair;
, peri- inflammation outside of heart causes heart to be compressed and not fully pump -
from too much fluid / blood surrounding heart from trauma or heart attack - treatment:
NSAIDs + steroids, pericardiocentesis.
both have same signs/symptoms: low oxygen and chest pain
Hypervalemia - Correct Answers -fluid volume excess
s/s: muscle/chest pain, weakness, n/v, palpitations
DKA - Correct Answers -increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - Correct Answers -retain H and excrete
HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - Correct Answers -
Potassium
West Nile Virus - Correct Answers -Transmitted through the bite of an infected
mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - Correct Answers -Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia
burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - Correct Answers -a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child
followed by the sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - Correct Answers -
Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign - Correct Answers -arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - Correct Answers -results from failure of neural tube to
close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - Correct Answers -males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - Correct Answers -ND-PAE, decreased brain
function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - Correct Answers -Connective- RA,
Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - Correct Answers -Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain
and butterfly rash
