CEN ENA online review study guide questions and answers with solutions 2025

Sympathetic nervous system effects - ANSWER increases HR, causes vasoconstrictions, increases contractility CO= - ANSWER SV+HR= HR increased by - ANSWER PNS stimulation HR increased by - ANSWER SNS stimulation preload - ANSWER volume of blood that results in pressure or stretch of the vents during diastole, affected by amount of venous return to heart stroke volume + affected by - ANSWER preload contractility stroke volume - affected by - ANSWER afterload preload - affected by - ANSWER loss of intravascular volume- hemorrhage, diuresis, v/d, third spacing, redistribution of blood flow preload + affected by - ANSWER venous return peripheral vasocxn alpha adrenergics (epi, norepi, dopamine) afterload increases with - ANSWER vasocxn mechanical obstruction of vents (pulmonic/aortic stenosis) HTN hypothermia shock compensatory mechanisms