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CSF - ✔✔A major fluid of the body, provides a physiologic system to supply
nutrients to the nervous tissues, remove metabolic wastes, and produce a
mechanical barrier to cushion the brain and spinal cord against trauma
Meninges - ✔✔Lines the brain and the spinal cord
Dura mater - ✔✔Outer layer meninges that lines the skull and vertebral
canal
Hard mother - ✔✔Translates to dura mater
Arachnoid - ✔✔Filamentous inner membrane (meninges)
Spiderweb-like - ✔✔Translates to arachnoid
Pia mater - ✔✔Thin membrane lining the surfaces of the brain and spinal
cord (meninges)
Gentle mother - ✔✔Translates to pia mater
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,Choroid plexuses - ✔✔CSF is produced in the _____ of the two lumbar
ventricles and the third and fourth ventricles
20mL/hr - ✔✔Adults produce this amount of CSF
Subarachnoid space - ✔✔CSF flows through the ____ located between the
arachnoid and pia mater
90- 150 mL - ✔✔Maintaining volume of CSF in adults
10- 60 mL - ✔✔Maintaining volume of CSF in neonates
Cells of the arachnoid granulations - ✔✔Acts as a one-way valves that
respond to pressure within the central nervous system and prevent reflux of
the fluid
Choroid plexuses - ✔✔Capillary networks that form the CSF from plasma
by mechanisms of selective filtration under hydrostatic pressure and active
transport secretion
Blood-brain barrier - ✔✔Tight-fitting structure of the endothelial cells in the
choroid plexuses
CSF - ✔✔Routinely collected by lumbar puncture between the third, fourth
(adult) or fifth (pediatric) lumbar vertebra
Slowly - ✔✔Elevated pressure requires CSF to be withdrawn ___
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, 3 - ✔✔CSF is collected in ___ sterile tubes
Chemical, serologic tests - ✔✔Tube 1 is for ____ which is least affected by
blood or bacteria introduced as a result of the tap procedure
Microbiology - ✔✔Tube 2 is for ____
Cell count, hematology - ✔✔Tube 3 is for ___ which is least likely to
contain cells introduced by the spinal tap procedure
Skin contamination - ✔✔Fourth tube may be drawn for microbiology
laboratory to better exclude _____ or for additional serologic tests
Refrigeration - ✔✔Hematology tubes are maintained by _____
Room temp - ✔✔Microbiology tubes remain at _____
Frozen - ✔✔Chemistry and serology tubes are ____
Crystal- clear - ✔✔Normal CSF appearance
Cloudy, turbid, milky CSF - ✔✔Result of an increased protein or lipid
concentration; may also be indicative of infection, cloudiness caused by
presence of WBCs
Xanthochromia - ✔✔Used to describe CSF supernatant that is pink, orange
or yellow
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